妨害传染病防治罪类型化规制困境与出路研究摘要随着新冠病毒的肆虐和妨害疫情管控犯罪的出现，妨害传染病防治罪在司法活动中被激活。法律规制的漏洞给司法实践带来大量问题，为了弥补规制漏洞，《刑法修正案（十一）》调整了对“传染病”的认定，对原有的列举式规定进行了类型化丰富。但刑事立法仍然存在一些不足之处需要重视，如对“传染病”的认定不够完善，具体行为要件滞后，兜底性条款不明确等。应当在立法与司法上提出解决方案，应对现阶段妨害传染病防治罪类型化的规制困境，避免法律适用以及司法实践中出现法律适用混乱、法条竞合等问题，以贯彻罪刑法定，维护法律的权威。关键词：新冠疫情；妨害传染病防治罪；罪刑法定；兜底性条款ResearchontheDilemmaandOutletoftheTypeRegulationoftheCrimeoftheCrimeofImpairingInfectiousDiseasesPreventionandTreatmentAbstractWiththespreadofthenewcoronavirusandtheemergenceofthecrimeofinterferingwithepidemiccontrol,thecrimeofimpairinginfectiousdiseasespreventionandtreatmenthasbeenactivatedinjudicialactivities.Theloopholesoflegalregulationbringalotofproblemstojudicialpractice.Inordertomakeupfortheloopholes,thecriminallawamendment(11)hasadjustedtheidentificationof"infectiousdiseases"andenrichedtheoriginalenumerationprovisions.However,therearestillsomedeficienciesincriminallegislation,suchastheidentificationof"infectiousdiseases"isnotperfect,thespecificelementsofbehaviorlagbehind,andtheunderlyingprovisionsarenotclear.Weshouldputforwardsolutionsinlegislationandjudicaturetodealwiththeregulationdilemmaofthetypeofthecrimeofhinderingthepreventionandcontrolofinfectiousdiseasesatthepresentstage,avoidtheconfusionoftheapplicationoflawandtheconcurrenceoflawsinjudicialpractice,soastoimplementtheprincipleoflegalityandmaintaintheauthorityofthelaw.Keywords:COVID-19;thecrimeofimpairinginfectiousdiseasespreventionandtreatment;nullapoenasinelege;coverclause目录一、妨害传染病防治罪的立法变化..................................1（一）调整“传染病”的规定.......................................................................2（二）调整“卫生要求”主体的规定...........................................................2（三）修改部分类型化的表达方式...............................................................2（四）增加本罪的行为类型...........................................................................3二、妨害传染病防治罪类型化中的立法缺陷..........................3（一）“传染病”的类型化类别描述不完善...............................................3（二）类型化构成要件具有滞后性...............................................................4（三）兜底性条款不具明确性.......................................................................4三、妨害传染病防治罪类型化中的司法适用疑难问题..................4（一）司法解释对于妨害传染病防治罪的认定...........................................51.此罪与彼罪的区别.................................................................................52.明确犯罪主体和犯罪行为.....................................................................5（二）司法困境...............................................................................................51.司法认定的二重性.................................................................................52.过失犯罪的缺位.....................................................................................6四、妨害传染病防治罪类型化规制的出路研究........................7（一）完善刑事立法..............................................
