论《民法典》时代公平责任在侵权篇的适用 法学专业VIP专享VIP免费

论《民法典》时代公平责任在侵权篇的适用摘要《民法典》侵权篇中对公平责任的修订，主要目的为了处理公平责任在司法实践中被滥用的问题。《民法典》第一千一百八十六条条款中是以“依法律规定”来削减法官适用公平责任的自由裁量权，使《民法典》第一千一百八十六条不再具有独立适用的功能。有鉴于此，在学理上对公平责任归责原则的地位进行否定实为重要，并且还要在具体的规范中明确公平责任的适用条件。尽管《民法典》第一千一百八十六条将《侵权责任法》第二十四条的条款中关于损失分担的“按照实际情况”进行了删除，然而此处依旧必须根据法律制度规定进行公平责任的运用，本文通过对《民法典》实施前后公平责任相关演变的阐述，提出了《民法典》时代对公平责任的理解和适用。关键字：民法典；公平责任；价值；意义IOntheapplicationoftheprincipleoffairliabilityinthetortofcivilcodeAbstractThemainpurposeoftheamendmentoftheprincipleoffairliabilityinthetortsectionofthecivilcodeistodealwiththeabuseoftheprincipleoffairliabilityinjudicialpractice《Inthe1,186tharticleofthecivilcode,thediscretionofthejudgetoapplythefairresponsibilityisreducedby"accordingtothelaw",sothatthe1,186tharticleofthecivilcodenolongerhasthefunctionofindependentapplication.Inviewofthis,itisimportanttodenythestatusoftheprincipleoffairliabilityintheory,andalsotospecifytheapplicableconditionsoftheprincipleoffairliabilityinthespecificnorms.Althoughthe1,186tharticleofthecivilcodedeletedtheexpressionof"accordingtotheactualsituation"inthetwenty-fourtharticleofthetortliabilitylaw,itisstillnecessarytoapplythefairliabilityaccordingtothelegalprovisionsbasedontheparties'nofault,Putforwardtheunderstandingandapplicationoffairresponsibilityintheeraofcivilcode.Keywords：Thecivilcode.Fairliability;Value;meaningI目录摘要..........................................................................................................................IAbstract..........................................................................................................................I1问题的提出.................................................................................................................12公平责任的价值和修正意义.....................................................................................22.1公平责任存在的价值...........................................22.2公平责任立法修正的意义.......................................33前《民法典》时期的公平责任.................................................................................53.1公平责任的相关争议...........................................53.2公平责任适用中存在的问题.....................................64《民法典》时代的公平责任的理解和适用.............................................................84.1受害人无过错.................................................84.2“法律的规定”范围...........................................84.3“分担损失”的理解..........................................105公平责任的未来发展走向.......................................................................................12结论.............................................................................................................................13致谢.........................................................................................................................14参考文献.....................................................................................................................15IIPAGE\*MERGEFORMAT31问题的提出《民法典》...