第1页共83页编号：时间：2021年x月x日书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟页码：第1页共83页第一章文献综述Chapter1:LiteratureReview藠头（AlliumchinensisG.Don），英文名rakkyo，又名薤头、荞头、火葱、野韭等，属百合科（Liliaceae）葱属（Allium）形成小鳞茎的多年生宿根草本植物，主要食用嫩叶和鳞茎,系中国南方特有的稀缺蔬菜品种之一，属辛香类蔬菜。藠头的叶片绿色、细长、中空，有大葱样辛辣气味，叶鞘基部膨大形成长卵或纺锤形鳞茎。藠头作二年生栽培，分蘖力强。其鳞茎的加工产品质地洁白，口感脆嫩，具防暑、开胃、助消化等保健功效。盐渍、甜酸藠头深受消费者欢迎，并出口东南亚及日本、韩国等国（文惠玲等，2003）。在中医中，藠头的干燥鳞茎又称为薤白（祝之友，2000），其味辛、苦，性温，无毒，具有宽胸、理气等功效，用于治疗胸闷刺痛、肺气喘急等疾病已有2000多年的历史。现代医学研究发现，薤白还具有抑菌消炎、解痉平喘、抗血小板凝聚、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、降低血脂、抗动脉粥样硬化的作用（张卿等，2003）。藠头既可食用又能入药，具有多种药理作用和保健的功能，是复合型功能食品，被誉为“菜中灵芝”。AlliumchinensisG.Don,withtheEnglishnameofrakkyo,isalsoknownasalliumbakeri,scallion,shallotandalliumramosum.ItbelongstothecategoryofAlliumgenusofLiliaceaefamily,andisakindofperennialherbwithcloves.Themainpartsofthisplantforfoodareleavesandbulbs.ItisoneoftheuniquescarcevegetablevarietiesinSouthChina,anditisclassifiedasspicyvegetable.TheleavesofAlliumchinensisG.Donaregreen-colored,slenderandcannular.IthasspicyodorlikethatofagreenChineseonion.Theleafsheathbaseenlargessoastoformlongovoidorspindle-shapedbulb.Itisbienniallycultivated,andhasastrongtilleringcapacity.Theprocessingproductsofitsbulbsarewhiteintextureandcrispandtenderintaste,havinghealthcareeffectssuchassunstrokeprevention,appetitepromotion,anddigestionaid.Saltedandsweet&sourAlliumchinensisG.Donproductsarewellreceivedbycustomers,andareexportedtoSouthAsia,Japan,SouthKorea,etc.(WenHuiling,2003).IntraditionalChinesemedicine,thedrybulbofAlliumchinensisG.Donisalsocalledallium第2页共83页第1页共83页编号：时间：2021年x月x日书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟页码：第2页共83页macrostemon(ZhuZhiyou,2000)withpungentandbittertaste,andwildnature,whichisfreefromtoxicity.Ithasthefunctionssuchascomfortingthechestandregulatingtheflowofvitalenergy.Ithasbeenusedinthetreatmentofdiseaseslikechesttightnessandtwinge,lungdyspneaformorethan2000years.Accordingtothefindingsofmodernmedicalresearch,alliummacrostemonisalsocapableofinhibitingbacteria,eliminatinginflammation,relievingspasm,calmingbreathing,resistingplateletaggregation,oxidationandtumors,reducingbloodfat,andfightingatherosclerosis(ZhangQing,etal..).AlliumchinensisG.Donisnotonlyediblebutalsocapableofbeingtakenformedicinepurpose.Ithasmultiplepharmacologicaleffectsandhealthcarefunctions,andisakindofcompoundfunctionalfood.Therefore,itishailedas“ganodermalucidumofvegetables”.藠头原产于我国，已有3700多年的种植历史，先秦时已广为利用。以江西、湖南、湖北、广西、云南、四川、贵州等省（区）栽培较多，目前在江西新建、云南开远以及武汉江夏梁子湖等地区有大面积植。在浙江和西藏还有野生种群（陈静芬，1989）。俄罗斯、朝鲜、日本都有分布和少量栽培（柳荣成，1995）。AlliumchinensisG.DonisoriginatedfromChina,andhasaplantinghistoryover3700years.ItwaswidelyusedasearlyasPre-QinDynasty.IthasbeenmostlyplantedinJiangxi,Hunan,Hubei,Guangxi,Yunnan,SichuanandGuizhou.Currently,itisplantedwithlargeareasinregionssuchasXinjianinJiangxi,KaiyuaninYunnan,andJiangxiaLiangziLakeinWuhan.Also,thereare...
