定语从句关系代词:that,which,who,whom,whose,as关系副词:when,where,why1.关系代词的省略问题关系代词在定语从句中作主语,不可以省略;作宾语则可以省略。①Thisisthemanwhohelpedmeyesterday.(作主语,不可省略)②Thisisthefactory(which/that)wevisitedlastyear.(作visited的宾语,可以省略)③Hereisthecoatwhich/thatwillbemadetoyou.这是一件做给你的衣服。(作主语)2.whose+N=the+N+ofwhom/which=ofwhom/which+the+N①Imetaboy,whosefatherwasanastronaut.=Imetaboy,thefatherofwhomwasanastronaut.②Thebookwhosecoverisverybeautifulismine.=Thebookofwhichthecoverisverybeautifulismine.3.关系副词的一般用法关系副词有when,where,why,在定语从句中作状语,分别表示时间、地点和原因。when的先行词通常是time,day,season,age,occasion等时间名词;where的先行词通常是place,city,village,house,case,situation,scenes,point等地点或情形名词;why的先行词只能是reason。关系副词when和where有时可用“介词+which”代替,why可用forwhich代替。如:①Thereareoccasionswhen(=onwhich)youhavetotelllies.②Beijingistheplacewhere(=inwhich)Iwasborn.③Isthisthereasonwhy(=forwhich)herefusedouroffer?注意注意:先行词虽然是时间或地点,但若在定语从句中作主语或宾语时,要用关系代词。(1)Thefactorywherehisfatherworkedhasclosed.(作状语)比较:Thefactorywhich/thatwasbuiltin1978hasclosed.(作主语)(2)I’llneverforgetthedayswhenwelivedtogether.(作状语)比较:I’llneverforgetthedays(that)wespentinAustralia.(作及物动词spent的宾语)(3)Thereason(why)shewasillwasthatshehadeatenbadmeat.(作状语,用关系副词)比较:Thereason(that)hegaveforhisabsencewasobviouslymadeup.(作gave的宾语)4.as在定语从句中的用法(1)在限制性定语从句中,用在下列句式:(as在从句中作主,宾,表)so…as…such…as…thesame…that/as…(用as和that含义不同)①Sheissoniceagirlaswealllike.(定从)比较:heissoniceagirlthatwealllikeher.(结果状从)②Itissuchaninterestingbookasweallwanttoread.(定从)比较:Itissuchaninterestingbookthatweallwanttoreadit.(结果状从)③ThisisthesamepanasIlost.(定从;这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。)比较:ThisisthesamepanthatIlost.(定从;这本书就是我丢的那本。)(2)在非限制性定语从句中,as引导的从句放在主句之前和之后均可,具有“正如”之意,与之搭配的动词一般是固定的,如asyouknow/asyousee/asweplanned/asweexpected/asissaidabove/asiswellknown/asmightbeimagined/asisreported/ashasbeenpointed…①Asyouexpected,heturnedupontime./Heturnedupontime,aswasexpected.②Asissaidabove,hehasovercomethedifficulty.5.先行词为物,习惯上只用that不用which引导的定语从句1(1)当先行词是指物的不定代词all,little,few,much,any,anything,everything,nothing,something,none,theone时,或先行词被all,little,few,much,any,every,no等修饰时。如:①Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.②Hewilltellyoueverythingthatheheardaboutit.③Thereislittleworkthatisfitforyou.注意:注意:当先行词是指人的不定代词all,any,few,one(s),anyone,everyone,those,people,he等时,只能用who。①Anyonewhoisoversixteenisallowedin.②Hewhohasamindtobeathisdogwilleasilyfindhisstick.(谚)欲加之罪,何患无辞。(2)先行词是序数词或最高级形容词时,或者先行词被序数词(包括last,next)、最高级形容词及theonly,thevery等修饰时。如:①ThisisthefirstfilmthatIhaveseensinceIcamehere.②Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpollution.这是用来防止污染的最好办法。③ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingfor.(3)先行词又有人又有物。如:Theyoftentalkaboutthepeopleandthethingsthattheyareinterestedin.(4)先行词本身是基数词。如:Hewrotemanybooks.Youcanstillseethethreethatareonshow.(5)当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时,为了...