GrammarGrammar定语定语从句从句TheAttributiveClauseTheboyneedsapen.主语theboy，谓语needs，宾语apen.定语：定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。先行词和关系词先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词的作用：既引导定语从句，又在定语从句中充当某种成分。关系代词/关系副词Aplaneisamachine.Aplanecanfly.Aplaneisamachinewhichcanfly.•先行词在下面情况时，关系代词只能用“which”而不能用“that”•A.关系代词前面有介词的时候（介词后指物用which，指人用whom)ThepersontowhomIamspeakingjustnowisourEnglishteacher.B.在非限制性定语从句中Helosthisbicycle,whichhisfathergavehimasagift.•先行词在下面情况下，关系代词只能用“that”A.先行词是不定代词的时候，如everything,anything,nothing,all….There’snothingthatIcandoforyou.B.先行词是最高级时，That’sthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.C.先行词里带有theonly,thevery.That’stheverybookthatIamlookingfor.D.先行词里既指人又有物Theytalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthattheyremembered.•3）as引导定语从句时的用法①as引导限制性定语从句thesame…as,such…asIwantthesameshirtasmyfriend’s.一样不是同一件②as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。Which只能置于主语之后。翻译成“正如”asisknowntoall/asissaid/asisreported/asisannounced,asweallknow/asIexpectAsIexpected,hegotthefirstplaceagaininthismid-termexamination.•thesame…that…和thesame…as…的区别•Ihaveboughtthesamewatchasyouhave.我买了一块和你一样的手表。（我的手表和你的手表很像，但不是同一块。）•ThisisthesamewatchthatIlost.这就是我丢的那块手表。（这手表和我丢的手表是同一块）关系副词when,where,why引导定语从句1.where表示地点，只能跟在表地点或场合的名词后。注意：where不在从句中作主语或宾语Thisistheplacewherewefirstmet.2.when表示时间，只能跟在表时间的名词后。July,whenwecangohomeforarest,iscomingsoon.3.why表示原因，通常跟在reason后引导定语从句。Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelefthere.a.Thisistheplace_____heworks.Thisistheplace_____wevisitedlastyear.b.Thatwasthetime______hearrived.Doyoustillrememberthetime______wespenttogether?c.Thisisthereason_______hewent.Thereason______hegaveuswasquitereasonable.a.Thisistheplace_____heworks.Thisistheplace_____wevisitedlastyear.Thisistheplacewhereheworks.Thisistheplacewhich(that)wevisitedlastyear.b.Thatwasthetime______hearrived.Doyourememberthetime____wespenttogether?Thatwasthetimewhenhearrived.Doyourememberthetimethat(which)wespenttogether?c.Thisisthereason_______hewent.Thereason______hegaveuswasquitereasonable.Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhichhewent.Thereasonthat(which)hegaveuswasquitereasonable.介词+which介词+which/whom引导的定语从句用于正式场合。在这一结构中，关系代词which/whom做介词的宾语。当先行词是人时，用介词+whom引导定语从句，Theymaystartasagroupofhigh-schoolstudents,forwhompracticingtheirmusicinsomeone’shouseisthefirststeptofame.当先行词是物时，用介词+which引导定语从句，而且只能加which，不能加that，例如：Theyproducedanewrecordin1996,withwhichtheycelebratedtheirformertimeasarealband.注意：1.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如:lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.２.若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时只可用whom,不可用who,that关系代词指物时只可用which,不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbor.1.Thisisthegun_________thehuntershotthelion.2.Theathletes__________hewillcompetecomefromGreeceandCzechRepublic.3.He’llneverforgettheday__________hewasadmittedtotheOlympicGamesforthefirsttime.4.Themusicians__________wehavegreatinteresttouredEuropewithus.5.Thesungivesusheatandlight,_______whichwecan’tlive.withwhichagainstwhomonwhichinwhomwithout6.Whocangivemethereason____whichhehasn’tturnedupyet?7.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson________shecouldturnforhelp.fortowhom
