虚拟语气一、If引导的条件句中的虚拟语气时间从句谓语形式主句谓语形式例将来动词过去式(be用were)should+动词原形wereto+动词原形would/should/might/could+动词原形Ifhewereto/should/comehere/hecamehere,hewouldtellusaboutit.如果他要来的话，他会通知我们一声。现在动词过去式(be用were)would/should/might/could+动词原形Ifhewerefree,hewouldhelpus.要是他有空的话，它会帮助我们的。过去had+动词过去分词would/should/might/couldhave+动词过去分词IfIhadseenthefilm,Iwouldhavetoldyouaboutit.我如果看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告诉你了。▲当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were,should,had时，if可省略，而将were,should,had等词置于句首。例：Hadhelearntaboutcomputers,wewouldhavehiredhimtoworkhere.如果她懂一些电脑知识的话，我们会已经聘用他来这里工作了。▲ifonly要是…就好了IfonlyIhadgotit.要是我得到它了该多好啊。▲在句中出现butfor(ifitwerenotfor/ifithadn’tbeenfor),without,otherwise,orelse等时，后面的虚拟语气形式参照上面表格中主句谓语动词形式，视句子涵义而定。例：Withoutwaterandsunlight,allthecreatureswoulddie.Iwasquitebusyatthattime,otherwiseIwouldhavehelpedyou.Butforthedoctor,Iwouldstillbelyinginbed,sufferingfromliverfailure.二、asif,asthough引导的方式状语从句的虚拟语气表示所发生的时间虚拟语气结构例发生在主句动作之前had+过去分词Theybegantotalkwarmlyasiftheyhadknowneachotherforlong.他们开始热烈的谈论起来就好像他们已相互认识很久了。与主句动作同时发生过去时(be用were)Shetreatstheboyasifhewereherownson.她对待那个男孩就像他是她的亲儿子一样。发生在主句动作之后would/could/might/should+原形动词Hecoughedtwiceasifsomeoneshouldcome.他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了。三、名词性从句中的虚拟语气1.wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气表示所发生的时间虚拟语气结构例发生在主句动作之前had+过去分词IwishIhadbeentherewiththemlastweek.我希望上周跟他们一起在那儿。1与主句动作同时发生过去时(be用were)Iwishyouwerehere.我希望你在这儿。发生在主句动作之后would/could动词原形Hewisheswecouldgoandplaygameswithhim.他希望我们能去跟他做游戏。2.wouldrather后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气表示所发生的时间虚拟语气结构例过去had+过去分词；I’dratheryouhadseenthefilmyesterday.我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。现在过去时(be用were)I’dratheryouwereherenow.我倒想你现在在这儿。将来过去时(be用were)We’dratheryouwentheretomorrow.我么倒想你明天去那儿。3．(1)advise，suggest,recommend,propose,demand,request,desire,urge,order,command,…+that…(should)+原形动词。(2)Itissuggested/requested/advised/ordered/….that…(should)+原形动词例：Itissuggestedthatweshouldsetoutatonce。建议我们立即出发。(3)advice,order,request,requirement,suggestion,等充当句子的主语而后面接表语从句或它们后面接同位语时，表语从句及同位语从句都须用虚拟语气，即：(should)+动词原形。例：Wefollowedhisadvicethatweshouldaskourteacherforhelp.我们接受了他的建议：我们应该请求老师的帮助。Hissuggestionisthatweshoulddoourworkmorecarefully.他的建议就是我们的工作要更细心些。▲insist,suggest后的宾语从句可用虚拟，也可不用。suggest表建议时要用虚拟，表暗示，表明则不用。例：Heinsistedthatheshouldbesentthere.他坚持被派到那去。Heinsistedthathewasinnocent.坚持说自己是清白的。4.Itisimportant/strange/necessary/natural…that…例：Itisimportantthatweshoulddowellinourlessonsfirst.我们先把功课学好很重要。Itisstrangethatheshouldnotcome.很奇怪，他竟没有来。四、定语从句中的虚拟语气Itis(high/about)timethat+主语+动词的过去式/should+动词原形。如：例：ItistimethatIwenttopickupmydaughteratschool.我该去学校接我的女儿了。Itishightimeyoushouldgotowork.你早该上班了。2
