高中英语定语从句详解◆英语谚语欣赏1.Hewhoknowsnothingbutpretendstoknoweverythingisindeedagood-for–nothing.不懂装懂,一事无成.2.It’sthefirststepthatcosts.千里之行,始于足下3.Hethatmakeshimselfasheepshallbeeatenbythewolf.甘当小绵羊,迟早要喂狼.Ⅰ.概念:(1)定语从句:在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。(2)先行词:被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词,短语,或整个主句。(3)引导定语从句的词叫关系词,分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词的作用:1)引导定语从句,连接主句和从句,相当于一个连词;2)必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语)常用的关系代词:that、which、who、whom、whose、as常用的关系副词(在从句中只作状语):when、why、whereThestudentwhoansweredthequestionwasJohn.Iknowthereasonwhyhewassoangry.Theboy(whom)youaretalkingtoismybrother.I'dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.定语从句三步:第一找出先行词;第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(做主语、宾语或状语);第三选择合适的关系词。Ⅱ.几个关系代词的基本用法:●that:可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。(指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句;不可置于介词后作宾语)如:1.Aletterthat/whichiswritteninpencilisdifficulttoread.(主语)2.Doyouknowthegentlemanthat/whospokejustnow?3.Youcantakeanything(that)youlike.(宾语)4.Whatisthequestion(that/which)theyaretalkingabout?5.Hereistheman(who/whom/that)youwanttosee.6.She'snolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobebefore.(表语)7.Ourhometownisnolongertheone(that)itusedtobe.=Ourhometownisnotthesameasitusedtobe.=Ourhometownisdifferentfromwhatitusedtobe。=Ourhometownisnotwhatitusedtobe.●which:指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语,定语。如:1.Thebookwhich/thatwasonthedeskwasboughtbymyfather.(主语)2.Thebook(which/that)Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.(宾语)3.Thefactoryinwhichhisfatherworksisfarfromhere.4.Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.(表语)5.Tomspentfouryearsincollege,duringwhichtimehelearnedFrench.(定语)6.Hemaybelate,inwhichcaseweoughttowaitforhim.●who,whom,whose:who:主格,在从句中作主语,在口语或非正式用法中作宾语;只可指人whom:宾格,在从句中作宾语;只可指人whose:属格,在从句中作定语,可指人也可指物。Ilikethestudentswho/thatworkhard.(主语)Allwhoheardthestorywereamazed.(代词如he,they,any,those,all,one等后多用who.)Chaplin,forwhomlifehadoncebeenveryhard,wasasuccessasanactor.(宾语)He'samanfromwhomweshouldlearn.=He'saman(whom/who/that)weshouldlearnfrom.Achildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.(指人)I'dlikearoomwhosewindowfacessouth.(指物)=I'dlikearoomofwhichthewindowfacessouth.=I'dlikearoomthewindowofwhichfacessouth.ThereisateapotshapedlikeaChineseduck,outofwhosemouthteaissupposedtocome1.关系代词whose,引导定语从句时,既可指人,又可指物,在从句中只能作定语;ofwhom只能指人;ofwhich只能指物,有时whose可以与ofwhom和ofwhich互换使用。如:ThegirlwhosehairisgoldenisfromEngland.头发金色的那个女孩是英国人。Thehousewhosedoorsaregreenisanofficebuilding.门是绿色的那座房子是办公楼。2.“介词+whose+名词”引导定语从句。如:Ilovemymotherland,forwhosegoodfutureIwillworkhard.我爱我的祖国,为了她美好的未来我要努力工作。3.在下列情况下,一般只用ofwhom和ofwhich。(1)定语从句的主语是few,little,some,most,many,much等时,一般只用ofwhom和ofwhich。Intheroomarelotsofpeople,manyofwhomIdon’tknow.房间里有很多人,很多人我不认识。Hehasalotofstory-books,afewofwhichIhaveneverread.他有很多故事书,有几本故事书我还从未...