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独立主格结构和with/without复合结构一、独立主格结构:1.充当状语：在句中可以表示时间、原因条件、方式或伴随情况等。(充当状语的有：形容词&副词&介词短语&状语从句，非谓语动词（逻辑主语与整句的主语相同。）)2.结构:名词/代词+非谓语（doing&todo&done）/形容词&副词/介词短语（逻辑主语）E.g.Takingyourageintoconsideration,you’dbetternotgohiking.(逻主you)E.g.Youragetakenintoconsideration,you’dbetternotgohiking.(逻主yourage)(Ⅰ)名词/代词+分词(过去分词done&现在分词doing)当分词作状语时,其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,分词应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词的独立结构。一般位于句首,也可放在句尾;作伴随状语时,常放在句首。1.________________,theyleftthemeetingroom.（问题解决了）（settle）2.____________,we`llgothereonfoot.(时间允许的话)(permit)3.Hewaslyingonthegrass,__________________________(他的手交叉在手下)(cross)(Ⅱ)名词/代词+形容词1._________________,hehadtostayhometolookafterher.(他妈妈生病了)2.Heenteredthehouse,___________________（red）(他的鼻子冻得通红)(Ⅲ)名词／代词＋副词Heputonhissocks，___________________.（反的一面在外面）(out)（Ⅴ）名词／代词＋介词短语在这一结构中，如果逻辑主语与介词短语中的名词都是单数名词，这些名词前习惯不用冠词。1.Ourteachercameintotheclassroom,_____________________.(手上一本书)2.___________________,thesoldierrushedtothetopofthemountain.(肩上一面旗帜）二．With和without复合结构（又叫独立主格结构）with和without复合结构是:with/without+n./pron.+n.with/without+n./pron.+adj.with/without+n./pron.+adv.with/without+n./pron.+prep.with/without+n./pron.+doingwith/without+n./pron.+beingdonewith/without+n./pron.+donewith/without+n./pron.+todo作状语，表示时间、伴随、方式、原因、结果等1)with/without+n./pron.+n.Sheusedtositreadingintheeveningwithherpetdogheronlycompanion.她从前总爱在晚上坐着看书，她的宠物狗便是她惟一的伙伴。2)with/without+n./pron.+adj.Helefttheroomwiththedooropen.门开着，他就离开了屋子。Don’ttalkwithyourmouthfull.嘴里满是东西，不要说话。3)with/without+n./pron.+adv.WithTomaway,Ialwaysfeellonely.Tom不在，我一直感觉孤独。Withtheradioon,grandmafellasleepinthechair.收音机开着,奶奶在椅子里沉沉的睡着了.4)with/without+n./pron.+prep.Themanleftthemeetingwithabookinhishand.这个男士手里拿着书离开了会议。5)with/without+n./pron.+doingShelivesintheroomwiththelightburning.她住在亮着灯的那个房间里。6)with/without+n./pron.+beingdoneWithmyhomeworkbeingdone,Ican’tgoouttoplay.因为我正在做作业，所以不能出去玩。7)with/without+n./pron.+doneThepeasantshaveagoodharvestwithallthecropsgotin.庄稼都收割了，农民们有了一个好收成。8)with/without+n./pron.+todoWithsomanyproblemstosettle,thenewmanagerwassoworried.有着太多问题去处理，新经理如此担忧.练习题1.Icouldn`tfinishmyworkwiththosechildren__.A.playingaroundB.playsaroundC.playedaroundD.toplayaround2.Intheread-room,wefoundherseatedatadesk,withherattention__onabook.A.fixingB.fixesC.fixedD.tofix3.Withalotofdifficultproblems__,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled4.__productionupby60%,thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.A.AsB.ForC.WithD.Through作定语(主要是用作后置定语)E.g.Thegirlreachedariverbankwithsomanyflowersonbothbanks.这个女孩来到了两岸开满鲜花的河边。附加：1.句法结构——动宾关系这种关系主要是由with独立主格结构中的名词和其后的过去分词及动词不定式构成的，前者表示“被动；完成”；后者表示“未做；待做”。e.g.Withsomuchworktodo,wehadtositupthroughthenight.有这么多工作要做，我们不得不彻夜不眠。Withnothin...