阅读理解之词义猜测TipsonReadingComprehensionHowtoguessthemeaningofunknownvocabulary学习目标（LearningAims）：1.了解并掌握阅读理解中词义猜测的基本方法及技巧；2.将词义猜测的技巧运用于实际阅读中，综合提高阅读理解能力。学习重点与难点（ImportantandDifficultPoints）:重点：词义猜测的基本方法及技巧；难点：如何将技巧熟练运用于练习中，有效解决阅读理解时遇到的实际问题。学习过程（LearningProcedure）：Step1Questionforms常见提问方式Haveyouevermetquestionslike...做阅读题时，你是否曾遇到这样的问题……1.Theunderlinedword“__”inthepassagemeans__.2.Whatdoes“___”inthethirdparagraphstandfor?3.Theword/phrase“____”mostnearlymeans____.4.Theword/phrase“__”couldbestbereplacedby__.5.Theword/phrase“__”inLine…,Para…refersto__.6.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtothephrase/word/sentence“____”?7.What’sthemeaningof“____”inLine…,Para…?8.Theunderlinedsentenceinthefirst(second...)paragraphprobablymeansthat________.Step2Approachintroduction方法介绍方法一：Usingwordformation（构词法）1.派生法(Derivation)派生法就是借助前缀或后缀派生出新词的构词方法。2.合成法(Compounding)合成法是指由两个或两个以上单词组合成一个新词。通常情况下，合成词的词义为组成词的词义之和。3.转化法(Conversion)转化法是指单词的词形不改变，只通过词性的改变来使单词具有新的意义和作用。而这种单词叫转化词。练习：1）Heneverworeready-madeclothes.2）Greatculturalchangesledtomoreopencommunicationandamoredemocraticprocessthatencourageseveryonetohaveasay.3）Napoleon,asacharacterinTolstoy’sWarandPeace,ismorethanoncedescribedashaving“fatlittlehands”.Nordoeshe“sitwellorfirmlyonthehorse”.Heissaidtobe“undersized”with“shortlegs”anda“roundstomach”.方法二：Usingcontextclues（利用上下文线索）1.同义词、近义词作者可能会用一个近义词或者同义词去解释另一个更难的词，以便使他的文字意思更清楚，近义词往往出现在同一句或者同一段落中。例：Doctorsbelievethatsmokingisdetrimentaltopeople'shealth.Theyalsoregarddrinkingasharmful.同义词常见信号词：2.反义词反义词常见信号词：例.a）Unlikehisbrother,whoistrulyahandsomeman,Johnisquitehomely．b）Ratherthanlikingthemovie,asIexpectedthemto,allmyfriendsabhorredit.c）Ifyouagree,write“yes”;ifyoudissent,write“no”.d）Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway.Now,however,everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil.3.定义、解释或举例通过定义/定语从句/同位语/词或词组(is;was;mean;thatis;that’stosay;or;namely;inotherwords;toputitanotherway;i.e.,suchas;like;especially;forinstance;forexample)来确定词义常见的信号词：例a）Whenwritinganarticle,weoftenusesimile,suchas“braveasalion”and“quicklikelightning”．b）Socialmobilityisthemovementfromoneclassorleveloflivingtoanother.c）Heisaresoluteman;oncehesetsupagoal,hewillnotgiveitupeasily.4.因果关系因果关系常见信号词：例---sinceyouaremysuperior（上级）,itwouldbepresumptuousofmetotellyouwhattodo.A．fullofrespectB．tooconfidentandrudeC．lackinginexperienceD．tooshyandquiet5.标点符号（冒号；破折号；括号）例a）Youcantakeanyoftheperiodicals:TheWorldofEnglish,ForeignLanguageTeachinginSchools,orEnglishLearning.A.dictionariesB.story-booksC.magazinesD.newspapersb）Theotherquestionedtheveracity——thetruthfulnessofthesereports.6.经验和常识例a）Inspiteofthefactthefishermenwerewearingsouthwesters,thestormwassoheavythattheywerewetthrough.b）Theheatofsunwarmssomeoceanwater.Thesurfaceofthewaterevaporates，formingacloudofwarm,wetairthatmovesupward．Step3Practice练习1.Helpinglaid-offworker...
