电脑桌面
添加小米粒文库到电脑桌面
安装后可以在桌面快捷访问

Integrated_Circuits(集成电路)电子信息类专业英语、计算机类专业英语VIP免费

Integrated_Circuits(集成电路)电子信息类专业英语、计算机类专业英语_第1页
1/10
Integrated_Circuits(集成电路)电子信息类专业英语、计算机类专业英语_第2页
2/10
Integrated_Circuits(集成电路)电子信息类专业英语、计算机类专业英语_第3页
3/10
第1页共10页编号:时间:2021年x月x日书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟页码:第1页共10页IntegratedCircuits(集成电路)TheIntegratedCircuitDigitallogicandelectroniccircuitsderivetheirfunctionalityfromelectronicswitchescalledtransistor.Roughlyspeaking,thetransistorcanbelikenedtoanelectronicallycontrolledvalvewherebyenergyappliedtooneconnectionofthevalveenablesenergytoflowbetweentwootherconnections.Bycombiningmultipletransistors,digitallogicbuildingblockssuchasANDgatesandflip-flopsareformed.Transistors,inturn,aremadefromsemiconductors.Consultaperiodictableofelementsinacollegechemistrytextbook,andyouwilllocatesemiconductorsasagroupofelementsseparatingthemetalsandnonmetals.Theyarecalledsemiconductorsbecauseoftheirabilitytobehaveasbothmetalsandnonmetals.Asemiconductorcanbemadetoconductelectricitylikeametalortoinsulateasanonmetaldoes.Thesedifferingelectricalpropertiescanbeaccuratelycontrolledbymixingthesemiconductorwithsmallamountsofotherelements.Thismixingiscalleddoping.Asemiconductorcanbedopedtocontainmoreelectrons(N-type)orfewerelectrons(P-type).Examplesofcommonlyusedsemiconductorsaresiliconandgermanium.PhosphorousandboronaretwoelementsthatareusedtodopeN-typeandP-typesilicon,respectively.Atransistorisconstructedbycreatingasandwichofdifferentlydopedsemiconductorlayers.Thetwomostcommontypesoftransistors,thebipolar-junctiontransistor(BJT)andthefield-effecttransistor(FET)areschematicallyillustratedinFigure2.1.Thisfigureshowsboththesiliconstructuresoftheseelementsandtheirgraphicalsymbolicrepresentationaswouldbeseeninacircuitdiagram.TheBJTshownisanNPNtransistor,becauseitiscomposedofasandwichofN-P-Ndopedsilicon.Whenasmallcurrentisinjectedintothebaseterminal,alargercurrentisenabledtoflowfromthecollectortotheemitter.TheFETshownisanN-channelFET,whichiscomposedoftwoN-typeregionsseparatedbyaP-typesubstrate.Whenavoltageisappliedtotheinsulatedgateterminal,acurrentisenabledtoflowfromthedraintothesource.ItiscalledN-channel,becausethegatevoltageinducesanN-channelwithinthesubstrate,enablingcurrenttoflowbetweentheN-regions.Anotherbasicsemiconductorstructureisadiode,whichisformedsimplybyajunctionofN-typeandP-typesilicon.Diodesactlikeone-wayvalvesbyconductingcurrentonlyfromPtoN.Specialdiodescanbecreatedthatemitlightwhenavoltageisapplied.Appropriatelyenough,thesecomponentsarecalledlightemittingdiodes,orLEDs.Thesesmalllightsaremanufacturedbythemillionsandarefoundindiverseapplicationsfromtelephonestotrafficlights.Theresultingsmallchipofsemiconductormaterialonwhichatransistorordiodeisfabricatedcanbeencasedinasmallplasticpackageforprotectionagainstdamageandcontaminationfromtheoutsideworld.Smallwiresareconnectedwithinthispackagebetweenthesemiconductorsandwichandpinsthatprotrudefromthepackagetomakeelectricalcontactwithotherpartsoftheintendedcircuit.Onceyouhaveseveraldiscretetransistors,digitallogiccanbebuiltbydirectlywiringthese第2页共10页第1页共10页编号:时间:2021年x月x日书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟页码:第2页共10页componentstogether.Thecircuitwillfunction,butanysubstantialamountofdigitallogicwillbeverybulky,becauseseveraltransistorsarerequiredtoimplementeachofthevarioustypesoflogicgates.Atthetimeoftheinventionofthetransistorin1947byJohnBardeen,WalterBrattain,andWilliamShockley,theonlywaytoassemblemultipletransistorsintoasinglecircuitwastobuyseparatediscretetransistorsandwirethemtogether.In1959,JackKilbya...

1、当您付费下载文档后,您只拥有了使用权限,并不意味着购买了版权,文档只能用于自身使用,不得用于其他商业用途(如 [转卖]进行直接盈利或[编辑后售卖]进行间接盈利)。
2、本站所有内容均由合作方或网友上传,本站不对文档的完整性、权威性及其观点立场正确性做任何保证或承诺!文档内容仅供研究参考,付费前请自行鉴别。
3、如文档内容存在违规,或者侵犯商业秘密、侵犯著作权等,请点击“违规举报”。

碎片内容

Integrated_Circuits(集成电路)电子信息类专业英语、计算机类专业英语

确认删除?
VIP
微信客服
  • 扫码咨询
会员Q群
  • 会员专属群点击这里加入QQ群
客服邮箱
回到顶部