经济学之7个致命的谎言VIP免费

Foreword前言WarrenMoslerisararebird:aself-taughteconomistwhoisnotacrank;asuccessfulinvestorwhoisnotablowhard;abusinesspersonwithatalentforteaching;afinancierwithatruecommitmenttothepublicgood.Wehaveco-authoredtestimonyandtheoccasionalarticle,andIattestfirmlythathiscontributionstothoseeffortsexceededmine.沃伦·莫斯勒是一种稀有的人：自学成才的经济学家，他不是怪人；他是一个成功的投资者，他不吹牛；他是一个具有教学天赋的商人；一个能把事实真相告诉公众的金融家。我们有共同撰写的证词和偶尔写的文章，并且我坚定地证明他在这方面成就超过了我。Manyeconomistsvaluecomplexityforitsownsake.Aglanceatanymoderneconomicsjournalconfirmsthis.Atrulyincomprehensibleargumentcanbringalotofprestige!Theproblem,though,isthatwhenanargumentappearsincomprehensible,thatoftenmeansthepersonmakingitdoesn’tunderstanditeither.(IwasjustatameetingofEuropeancentralbankersandinternationalmonetaryeconomistsinHelsinki,Finland.Afteronepaper,IaskedaverydistinguishedeconomistfromSwedenhowmanypeoplehethoughthadfollowedthemath.Hesaid,“Zero.”)Warren’sgiftistransparentlucidity.Hethinksthingsthroughassimplyashecan.(Andheputsalotofworkintothis-truesimplicityishard.)Hefavorsthefamiliarmetaphor,andthehomelyexample.Youcanexplainhisreasoningtomostchildren(atleasttomine),toanycollegestudentandtoanyplayerinthefinancialmarkets.Onlyeconomists,withtheirpowerfulloyaltytofixedideas,havetroublewithit.Politicians,ofcourse,oftendounderstand,butrarelyfeelfreetospeaktheirownminds.他尽可能简单的思考问题（他在这方面做了大量工作，真正的简单很难）。他喜欢熟悉的隐喻，朴实的示例。你可以把他的道理讲给大多数儿童（至少对我)，讲给任何大学的学生，以及任何在金融市场上的人；唯独经济学家，他们有强大而忠诚的固定观念，就会遇到麻烦；政客们，当然，常常是明白的，但很少有说出自己的想法的自由。DeadlyInnocentFraud#1:Thefederalgovernmentmustraisefundsthroughtaxationorborrowinginordertospend.Inotherwords,governmentspendingislimitedbyitsabilitytotaxorborrow.Fact:Federalgovernmentspendingisinnocaseoperationallyconstrainedbyrevenues,meaningthatthereisno“solvencyrisk.”Inotherwords,thefederalgovernmentcanalwaysmakeanyandallpaymentsinitsowncurrency,nomatterhowlargethedeficitis,orhowfewtaxesitcollects.致命的谎言1号：联邦政府必须通过税收或借款为其支出融资。换句话说，政府支出受到税收和借款能力的限制。事实真相：联邦政府支出无论如何不会在业务上受限于税收，它没有“偿付能力风险”。换言之，联邦政府总能用他自己的货币支付所有任何款项，不管赤字有多么大，也不管税收有多么少。Askanycongressman(asIhavemanytimes)orprivatecitizenhowitallworks,andheorshewilltellyouemphaticallythat:“…thegovernmenthastoeithertaxorborrowtogetthefundstospend,justlikeanyhouseholdhastosomehowgetthemoneyitneedstospend.”Andfromthiscomestheinevitablequestionabouthealthcare,defense,socialsecurity,andanyandallgovernmentspending:Howareyougoingtopayforit???!!!去问任何一个国会议员（我碰到过很多次），或者普通公民，这一切都是如何运作的？他或她会坚定地告诉你：“…政府要花钱，无非是通过税收或借款，就像任何家庭一样，通过某种方式拿到需要花的钱。”由此不可避免地引出了关于医疗保健、国防、社会保障和全部政府支出的问题：你打算如何付钱？？？！！！Thisisthekillerquestion,theonenoonegetsright,andgettingtheanswertothisquestionrightisthecoreofthepublicpurposebehindwritingthisbook.Inthenextfewmomentsofreading,itwillallberevealedtoyouwithnotheoryandnophilosophy-justafewhardcoldfacts.Ianswerthisquestionbyfirstlookingatexactlyho...