虚拟语气SubjunctiveMood虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。用在有意志词的宾语从句．主语从句，同位语从句用在If条件句中用在主语从句(should)+动词原形用在It’stime后定语从句中用在wish/ifonly引导的句中用在wouldrather引导的宾语从句中用在may+动词原形表“祝愿”。用在asif(asthough)引导的表语从句或状语从句中用情态动词＋havedone表对过去的虚拟Workingroupsoffourtogettheusagesofthem一、用在表意志的动词：一.坚持.二.命令.三.建议.四.要求.+推荐.后的宾语从句或含这些词（包括其分词．名词形式）的各类名词性从句中,用虚拟语气。即:(should)do/bedoneWesuggestedthatwemeeting.insistorder/commandsuggest/advise/proposeask/require/request/demandrecommend(should)have另：①.suggest作“暗示、表明”解时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气.e.g.Hisattitudesuggestedthathewasangry.②insist“力言”、“坚持（认为）”解时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气。eg.Mikeinsistedthathehadneverstolenanything.二、用在条件句中If条件状语从句if主句与现在事实相反did/werewould/should/could/might+动原与过去事实相反haddonewould/shouldcould/might+have+done与将来事实相反A:didB:wereto+动原C:should+动原would/shouldcould/might+动原注意1：当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvicejustnow，youwouldbebetternow.如果你刚才听了我的建议，你现在就好多了注意2：if省略if引导的条件句中可省略if，把were，had，should提到句首，变为倒装句式。IfIwereatschoolagain，Iwouldstudyharder.→Iatschoolagain，Iwouldstudyharder.itraintomorrow，wewouldnotgoclimbing.Were如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力地学习Shouldbutfor,without,otherwise等形式的含蓄的虚拟语气。1.Withoutair,there____________（有）nolivingthings.2.Butfortherainwe___________(有)apleasantjourneytoday.3.Heisnotacarefuldriver;otherwisehe(不会撞)____________________thetreeyesterday.wouldbeshouldhavewouldn’thavehit注意3.含蓄的虚拟语气三、用在主语从句(should)+动词原形结构：Itis+(important/necessary/natural/strange)+that从句Itis(suggested/decided/ordered/demanded/required)+that从句四、用在定语从句中Itis(high/about)time(that)…句型中，定语从句的谓词用过去式did/were,或“should+动原，且should不能省略”来表示，，意为“（现在）该……”。：Itis(high)timeweleft.Itishightimeweshouldgo.六、用在wish/ifonly(要是…就好了)引导的句中ifonly+…wish1.did（表现在的假设）2.haddone（表过去的假设）3.would+动词原形（表将来的假设）IfonlyIwereabird!=HowIwishIwereabird.我如果是一只鸟就好了！IfonlyIhadtakenhisadvice=IwishIhadtakenhisadvice.我要是听他的话就好了！六、用在wouldrather引导的宾语从句中谓语动词用1.did（表现在/将来的假设）2.haddone（表过去的假设）Iwouldratherwestoppednow.Hewouldratherhismotherdidn’tcomenexttime.Iwouldrathershehadnotdonethatyesterday.七．用在may+动词原形表“祝愿”。may放在句首。例：Mayyoubehappy!Mayyousucceed!谓语动词用八、用在asif(asthough)引导的表语从句或状语从句中1.过去式（表现在的假设）2.haddone（表过去的假设）3.would+动词原形（表将来的假设）1.Helooksasifhewereanartist.2.HespeaksEnglishsofluentlyasifhehadstudiedEnglishinEnglandbefore.3.Theteacherraisedherhandasifshewouldbeattheboy,butthensmiled.Note:如果从句内容接近现实,则用陈述语气.Thefootballplayerrolledonthegroundasifhewashurtseriously.九.情态动词+havedone表示对过去事实的虚拟.should/oughttohavedone本应该做…(却没有做)shouldn’t/oughtn’ttohavedone本不应该做…(却做了)couldhavedone本能做(却没做到)mighthavedone或许可以做(却没做到)needn’thavedone本不必做…(却做了)
