助动词和情态动词助动词包括:be(is,am,are,was,were,been,being);have(has,had,having);do(does,did);shall(should),will(would)情态动词包括:can,could,(beableto);may,might;will,would;dare,need,must(haveto),oughtto,shall,should"be+动词不定式"可以表示下面几种意思:1
例如:Nooneistoentertheroomwithoutpermission
Thebooksarenottobetakenoutofthereading-room
例如:Anewbridgeistobebuiltovertheriversoon
Theexpeditionistostartinaweek'stime
例如:Thiskindoftreeistobefoundinthatforest
例如:Suchpeoplearetobecriticized
表示后来发生的事,可以用来表示一种命运
例如:Theysaidgood-bye,littleknowingthattheywerenevertomeetagain
Hewastoregretthedecision
Note:was(were)+不定式完成式这种结构表示“本来打算…,本来要…(而结果则没做)”
例如:Hewastohaveattendedthemeeting,buthefellill
他本来要参加会议的,但是生病了
(因此没参加)haveto和must在表示“必须”这个意思时是很接近的,但也有一定的区别
haveto比较强调客观需要,表示因客观环境或事态促使而不得不做某事;must强调主观看法,表示