初中语法总结及练习〔五〕介词介词不能独自作句子成分，必须与名词或代词等构成介词短语，才可以担任句子的成分。介词短语可以在句中作表语Who’s___________(值日)today？/定语Theman__________(穿红色)ishisuncle./状语Yourgrandmadoesn’tlookold_________(对于她的年龄)./宾语补足语Heleftthekey________(在家里)和独立成分________________________(顺便问一下)。一、介词的分类1）表示地点:at/in,in/to(theeastof),on/under/over/above/below,in/into/outof,over,under,between/among/around,at/beside/near/nextto,behind/infrontof,about,across/along/through,down,before/after,to/for/from,towards,with,without※over还有其他含义：①遍及：alloverthecountry(world)②超过：相当于morethan。Heisover40.③在那边；越过overthere※for还有其他的用法：①表原因，表示“为了……”forthemotherland.②表示“拥护”，“支持”fororagainst③表示“以……价格”。Howmuchdoyouwanttobuyitfor?④表示“就……而说”。forhisage.2）表示时间:at/in/on,within,of,about,past,to,before/after,during/for/through,from/since,by/till/until,(not…until)※until与瞬间动词(点动词)连用时，必须用否定句表示；而与延续动词连用，用肯定式。3）表示手段和材料:by（通过方式或手段）,in（用某种墨水、语言、衣服或声调）,with（用某一工具）※with还有如下含义①“由于，因为……”。Shejumpedwithjoywhenhearingthenews.②可与副词连用构成祈使句。Outwithyourhandsonyourhead!※By的其他一些用法：①表示“经过……旁边”。goby②表示“由于”。bymistake.③表示“相差，差额”。missedthetrainbyonlyfiveminutes/increasedby30%④表示“逐一地……”onebyone.4）表示除去:besides,except,exceptfor5)表示比较:as,like,without6)表示原因:for(还可做连词),with,from7)表所属:of,with,from8)表对于:to,for,at,with9)表示赞成或反对:with/against10)表示关于:about(关于；各处，四周；随身，身旁),concerning,asfor(介词),asto“至于”二、与其它词类的搭配1）动词+介词：lookinto/over,comeacross/by,carefor,callon，carryon/away/out,comeback/about/,gointo/over等2)be+形容词+介词：beafraidof，bepleasedwith，beembarrassedat3）介词+名词（作为副词使用）：afteryou,bymistake,forexample,intime4)其它结构：动词+oneself+介词dressoneselfin/helponeselfto;动词+sb.+介词thanksb.Forsth./robsobofsth.三、介词兼做副词behind【落后】before【以前】in在家】over【完了】四、介词省略在this,last,next,every等词之前不可以再加任何介词。专项练习1.Childrengetgifts____Christmasand____theirbirthdays.A.on;onB.at;onC.in;inD.in;on2.Alotofstudentsinourschoolwereborn____March,1993.A.inB.atC.onD.since3.Mygrandfatherwasborn____Oct.10,1935.A.onB.inC.atD.of4.Hesuddenlyreturned____arainynight.A.onB.atC.inD.during5.Thetrainisstarting______fiveminutes.A.inB.atC.forD.still6.Mikedoeshisexercises____seven_____theevening.A.on;toB.at;inC.by;ofD.at;on7.WeusuallycovertheChristmastrees____colourlights.A.inB.useC.forD.with8.Ithappenedtobeverycold____themorningofoursportsmeetingA.atB.onC.withD.of9.Whydidyougetupsoearly___thismorning.A.onB./C.atD.in10.Theyarefillingtheirbags____booksandotherthings.A.inB.withC.ofD.by11.Annmoved_____Hangzhou______September,1992.A./;iniB.to;inC.to;onD,in;in12.Heoftengoes____school____sixthirty____themorning.A.for;to;inB.to;atinC.to;for;atD,for;at;to13.Hearrived___Shanghai___9:30___March5.A.at;in;atB.to;on;atC.in;on;atD.in;at;on14.TheEnglishteachertoldmetogetthere____halfpastten.A:inB.atC.onD.of15.Iworkedontheproblem____alongtimeandIworkeditout____myself____last.A.for;by;atB.in;with;onC.on;by;inD.for;for;atthe16.Wewillfinishthepicture_____aday.A.inB.onC.afte...
