摘要常减压蒸馏装置是炼油厂的“龙头”装置，它的拔出率、产物质量、分离精度、能耗等对整个炼厂的后继加工过程影响很大。本次设计是年处理量为370万吨原油的常压蒸馏塔，其次为塔板的设计及水利学核算。利用大学期间学习过的石油炼制工程﹑化工原理及炼油类参考书籍顺利的完成了本次设计。常压塔的设计主要是依据原油和产品的恩氏蒸馏数据，计算产品的各物性数据并确定切割方案、计算产品收率。参考同类装置确定塔板数、进料及侧线抽出位置，再确定各主要部位操作压力及假设操作温度，进行全塔热平衡计算，采取塔顶二级冷凝冷却和两个中段回流。塔顶取热：第一中段回流取热：第二中段回流取热为5：2：3，最后校核各主要部位温度是否在允许的误差范围内。塔板形式选用浮阀塔板,依据常压塔内最大汽、液相负荷处算得塔径为4.0m，板间距取0.8m。这部分最主要的是核算塔板流体力学性能及操作性能，使塔板在适宜的操作范围内操作。关键词：常压塔，节能，浮阀塔板，流体力学AbstractRefinery'scrudedistillationunitisthe"leading"device,itpulledoutrate,productquality,segmentationaccuracy,andenergyconsumptionoftheentirerefinerygreatinfluencesubsequentprocessing.Thedesigniswithcapacityof3.7milliontonsofcrudeoilatmosphericdistillationtower,followedbyplatedesignandhydrologicaccounting.availuniversityperiodstudyultrapetroleumrefiningengineeringandchemicalengineeringtheoryandreferenceoilrefiningchemicalengineeringcommunicationgradehalfclothpropitiousfinishthesedegreedesignoffof.AtmospherictowerdesignismainlyproductsEnglerdistillationdatatocalculatetheproductofthephysicalpropertydatatodeterminethecuttingprogramtocalculatetheyieldoftheproduct.ReferencetosimilardevicestoIdeterminetheplatenumber,locationoffeedingandlaterallineout,andthendeterminethemajorpartsoftheoperatingpressureandassumedoperatingtemperature,full-towerheatbalancecalculations,totaketwocondensingcoolingtowerandtwomid-back.Towerforheat:thefirstheattotakebackthemiddle:mid-backtotakethesecondheat5:2:3,thelastcheckofallthemajorpartsofthetemperaturewithintheallowableerrorrange.Plateintheformselectedvalvetrays,accordingtothelargesttowervaporpressure,liquidloadatthetowerdiameterisconsidered4.0m,taketheplatespacing0.8m.Thispartismostimportantisaccountingtrayhydrodynamicsandoperationalperformance,maketheplateintheappropriateoperatingranges.Keywords:atmospherictower,energy,valvetrays,fluidmechanicsII目录370万吨/年大庆原油常压蒸馏工艺设计...........................11文献综述....................................................11.1前言...................................................11.2世界原油现状...........................................21.3原油常压蒸馏及其特点...................................31.4常减压蒸馏的现状与发展趋势.............................31.5原油预处理的新技术.....................................41.5.1新型电脱盐技术...................................51.6原油的常压蒸馏.........................................61.7常压加热炉............................................61.7.1影响加热炉热效率的因素...........................71.7.2提高加热炉的效率途径.............................81.8加热炉优化控制技术.....................................91.9常压装置节能技术......................................101.9.1节能降耗的措施..................................111.10减压深拔发展前景.....................................131.11腐蚀的监测和防护方法................................142设计任务说明书.............................................192.1大庆原油评价..........................................192.1.1原油和...
