知识点总结组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。句子成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语、独立成分。1、主语主语是一个句子的主题。主语的位置①陈述句中，一般在一句之首。Theymanagedtorescueallthepeopleintheflood.②疑问句、倒装句中，一般在助动词、情态动词和动词之后。Upwentthearrowintotheair.Whydotheymoveandburnmoreoftheforest?Notonlywillhelpbegiventopeoplewhoaredisabledtofindjobs,butalsomedicaltreatmentwillbeprovidedforpeoplewhoneedit.③祈使句中，往往省略。Takethismoneyandbuyyourselfsomemorebooks.（句首省略了you）④Therebe结构中，在be之后。AroundtheareaofAswantherearealotofimportantoldtemples,whichdatefromabout1250BC.2、谓语谓语在句子中说明主语的动作，主语具有的特征或所处的状态。（1）由简单动词构成的谓语TheystartedtouseEnglish,buttheyalsobroughtinsomewordsfromtheirownlanguages.（2）由动词短语构成的谓语Dr.Manetterealizedthatthesistermusthavebeenverybadlytreated.3、表语表语说明主语的身份、特征、类别、状态等情况，它位于连系动词之后，与之构成所谓的系表结构。表语的位置①通常位于连系动词之后，但下列情况下，置于连系动词之前。为了强调表语。InthenorthisScotland,withitscapitalEdinburgh.北面是苏格兰，首都是爱丁堡。②由How/What引出的感叹句中Whatacurioushotelitwas!③某些让步状语从句中Childastheboywas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.④“the+比较级…，the+比较级…结构中”。ThemoreyoulistentoEnglish,theeasieritbecomes.英语你听得越多，就越容易听懂。4、宾语宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语。宾语表示法①名词用作宾语。Bobaskedalltheairlinestoflythepopstarsforfree.②代词用作宾语。Itpickeditupinitsmouthandcarrieditintothebushes.③数词用作宾语。Canadacoverssixoftheworld''s24timeareas.④名词化的形容词用作宾语。She''salwayshelpingthepoorerthanherself.⑤副词用作宾语。Sincethenthenumberofmiludeertherehasgreatlyincreased.⑥不定式用作宾语Ijustdidn''twishtoputyoutothetroubleofchangingalargenote.⑦动名词作宾语或名词化分词（主要是过去分词）作宾语Whenshehadfinishedlisteningtothenews,Mrs.Cousinsturnedofftheradio.⑧句子用作宾语Isuggestthatyouchoosesomeonewhoyouthinkiskindandfriendly.直接宾语和间接宾语可具有这种双宾语的及物动词有：bring,fetch,give,hand,leave,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,read,refuse,show,sing,teach,tell,write,buy,find,get,make,envy,return,sell等。Idon''tenvyyouyourjob.5、补足语补足语是一种补足主语和宾语的意义的句子成分。用作补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、不定式（短语）、分词（短语）、介词短语等。Hepersuadedotherpeopletoprovidemoneyortogivehelp.Ithinkyou''llfindthesematerialsmuchbetterandmuchmoresuitable.Thelioncouldstillbeseeninthebusheseatingthemeat.Thissongisthoughttobemostpopular.6、定语定语用来修饰名词或代词，说明人或物的状态、品质、数量等。定语表示法Itwastheearliestresearchcentreforagriculture.（形容词用作定语）Theyhadbroughtapicniclunchwithhim.（名词用作定语）I''mlookingforanotherspeakerwhocouldgiveatalk.（代词用作定语）In1911,shereceivedasecondNobelPrizeforherresearch,becomingthefirstpersonintheworldtoreceivetwoNobelprizes.（数词用作定语）Thewayoutliesinthedevelopmentofeducation.（副词用作定语）Thereareplentyofinterestingplacestovisit.（不定式用作定语）Everybodywasathisfightingpost.（动名词用作定语）Bytheendoftheyear,thetotalmoneycollectedhadcometoover92milliondollars,allofwhichweresenttoAfrica.（分词用作定语）Iknowawomanwhosethreesonsareallsoldiers.(句子用作定语)7.状语状语是指描述被描述对象的状态，包括时间状语，地点状语，方式状语，伴随状语，让步状语等。状语表示法1.副词，如carefully，例句:hedidhishouseworkcarefully2.介词短语,如intheclassroom，例句hedidhishomeworkcarefullyintheclassroom3.非谓语短语，如seenfromthetopofthemountain，或者whenfacingdifficulties，例句Seenfromthetopofthemountain，thehousesbeneathareverysmallWhenfacingdifficulties,weshouldkeepcalm4.从句，如时间状语从句，地点状语从句，让步状语从句，原因状语从句等例句Hewillcomebacknextweekwhentheopeningceremonybegins.Hewillcometotheschoolwherehespenthischildhood.Althoughhefailedintheexam,henevergaveuphisgoals.Hefailedinhisexambecausehegivesuphisgoalshalfway.
