定语从句专项讲义【知识简介】一、定义定语：定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、动词不定式、介词短语等来充当，修饰名词或代词。(以分词、介词短语为例）例：ThegirlbehindthetreeisKate.Themandrivingtoofastwasadrunk.定语从句:在英语中，修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。定语从句一般后置。例：ThegirlwhoisbehindthetreeisKate.Themanwhowasdrivingtoofastwasadrunk.Thatisthebikewhichmyfatherboughtforme.二、关系代词:引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose等以及关系副词when,where,why等。关系代词或关系副词放在被修饰的名词或代词（又叫先行词）和定语从句之间起联系作用，同时又作定语从句中的一个成份。先行词为人——who,whom,that引导定语从句先行词为物——which,that引导定语从句1.who,先行词为人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）。whom,作宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)ThemanwhoItalkedwithisourteacher.Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.Theman(whom/who)InoddedtoisMr.Li.ThemantowhomInoddedisProfessorLi.2.which,先行词为物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.Thiscamera（which）heisusingismadeinJapan.Isthisthelibrary(which)youborrowbooksfrom?Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?3.that，先行词为人或物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）Aplaneisamachine.Itcanfly.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Heistheman.Itoldyouabouthim.Heistheman(that)Itoldyouabout.【要点难点】一、先行词为物时,关系代词that和which的区分a.只能用that的情况：1、当先行词是nothing,something,anything,all,each等不定代词时。eg.Doyouhaveanythingthatisimportanttotellme?2、当先行词被all,any,some,no,not,every,each等修饰时。eg.Ihavesomebooksthatareverygood.3、当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。eg.ThisisthefirstbookthatIboughtmyself.ThebiggestbirdthatIcaughtisthisbird.4、当先行词被thevery,thelast,thenext,theonly等词修饰时。eg.ThisistheverybookthatIlostyesterday.5、当先行词既有人又有物时。eg.Iwon’tforgetthethingsandthepersonsthatIsaw.b.只能使用which的情况。1、非限制性定语从句中。eg.Maryhasabook,whichisveryuseful.2、在介词之后。eg.Thisisahouseinwhichanoldmanlives.Fillintheblankswithsuitablerelativepronouns.1.Thisistheonlybook____Igotlastyear.2.Isthisthebookin____youareinterested?3.Thisisthelargestanimal____Tomsawinthezoo.4.Rosestillremembersthetreesandteachers____exist(存在)inthemotherschool.5.Allthedesks____areboughtlookreallywonderful.6.Doyouhaveanymoney____isusedtobuildthefactory?7.Tomhasatoy,____wasgivenbyhisfather.8.Thisisthesecondwatch____myfatherboughtforme.三、先行词为人时,关系代词that和who,whom的区分。a.只用who，whom,不用that的情况1.在非限制性定语从句中只能用who或者whom。eg.Ihaveason,_____isreallylovelyandinteresting.2.在介词后面时只能用whom。eg.Theboywith________Iwenttotheparkismycousin.3.先行词是one(s),anyone,someone,those时，关系词使用whoeg.ThosewhowanttogototheGreatWallsignuphere.4.在therebe句型中，先行词指人,关系词用whoeg.Thereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou.Therearemanyyoungmenwhoareagainsthim.b.只用that不用who的情况1.在who引导的特殊疑问句中，为避免重复，只用that不用who。eg.Whoisthepersonthathaslostawallet?四、两种情况下关系词不能省略I.关系词在从句中作主语时Youwilllikethefurniturewhich/thatwasusedinthepast.II.介词提前时Hehasgonetothelibraryfromwhichyouborrowedthebooklastweek.五、关系代词在定语从句中主语时，从句中的谓语取决于先行词。1.Thegirlswho__________(be)badlyhurtintheaccidentaremyclassmates.2.Thewomenthat/who_______(be)speakingatthemeetingarefamousscientists.3.Theb...
