英语语法专题句子成分和基本句型冠词(art)感叹词(int)连词(conj)介词(prep)虚词副词(adv)名词(n)代词(pron)数词(num)形容词(adj)动词(v)实词•名词、形容词、数词、代词、动词、副词在句中独立承担成分，我们称之为实词。•介词、连词、冠词不能在句中独立担任部分，只起辅助的作用，我们称之为虚词。主语谓语宾语状语定语补语表语句子的成分句子的成分句子的成分句子的成分died.died.died.died.MycatMycatdied.died.主语句子的主体，发出动作的人或物，表示所说的是谁或是什么。主语一般放在句首，特殊句型中，在句末。HeHewasborninasmallvillage.wasborninasmallvillage.HeHewasborninasmallvillage.wasborninasmallvillage.代词Kunmingbecomesbeautiful.名词TheoldmanTheoldmantoldusastory.toldusastory.名词或短语Monkeyeatsbananas.Itismybook.Oneand(plus)oneistwo.Hardworkingleadstosuccess.Tofinishhomeworkisamusttostudent.Whatmakestheteacherangryisthatheistalkinginclassagain.名词，代词，数词可以作做主语。动名词，动词不定式，句子也可以做主语，句子做主语叫主语从句Mr.GreenMr.GreenMr.GreenMr.GreenMr.GreenMr.Greendieddiedyesterday.yesterday.谓语说明主语的动作特征状态等，即主语做说明主语的动作特征状态等，即主语做什么、是什么、怎么样等，由什么、是什么、怎么样等，由动词或动词动词或动词短语构成短语构成..HeHearrivedarrived..IIlikelikeapples.apples.ititgetscoldgetscoldHeHearrivedarrived..IIlikelikeapples.apples.ititgetscoldgetscold不及物动词不及物动词不及物动词不及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词系表结构系表结构系表结构系表结构系动词(额外补充)亦称连系动词（LinkVerb）。作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（名词或形容词），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。HeisanEnglishteacher.TheTheweathergetscold.HeisanEnglishteacher.TheTheweathergetscold.表语用来说明主语的身份、特征、状态等，位于连系动词后。可作表语的有名词、代词、形容词、数词、动词不定式、介词短语、分词短语及从句等HeisHeisanEnglishteacheranEnglishteacher..TheTheweathergetscold.Kunmingbecomesbeautiful.ThereasonisthatIstayeduplastnight.HeisHeisanEnglishteacheranEnglishteacher..TheTheweathergetscold.Kunmingbecomesbeautiful.ThereasonisthatIstayeduplastnight.名词或短语名词或短语形容词形容词句子句子IlikeIlikeIlikeIlikeIlikeIlikeswimmingswimming宾语是动作的承受者。及物动词及相当于及物动词的短语后都必须带宾语。IlikeIlikeapplesapples..HegaveHegavememeabook.abook.HelikestoplaybasketballWethinkpredictingthefutureishard.IlikeIlikeapplesapples..HegaveHegavememeabook.abook.HelikestoplaybasketballWethinkpredictingthefutureishard.名词名词代词代词名短名短不定式不定式句子句子宾语补足语（宾补）•有些及物动词除了要有一个宾语之外,还须加上一个补足语。如果没有补足语(宾补),有时候句子的意思就不完整。•Healwaysmakesus_____.happyhappyhappyhappy定语修饰名词或代词的句子成分。可以做定语的有名词、代词、数词、形容词、动词不定式、介词短语、动名词、分词短语及从句等。形容词作定语放在名词之前，副词或副词短语时常放在名词后Whatalovelyday!Ihavealotofworktodo.Thisiaaswimmingpool.Therearetwobutterflies.Iknowthegirlunderthetree.Iknowthegirlwhoissittingunderthetree.Whatalovelyday!Ihavealotofworktodo.Thisiaaswimmingpool.Therearetwobutterflies.Iknowthegirlunderthetree.Iknowthegirlwhoissittingunderthetree.形容词形容词动词不定式动词不定式动词-ing动词-ing数词数词介词短语介词短语从句从句状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词的句子成分称为状语。状语用来说明时间、地点、条件、原因、方式、程度、目的、结果等。可用作状语的有副词、不定式短语、分词短语、介词短语及从句等。如：HearrivedHearrivedyesterdayyest...
