第二讲怎样定位——利用“8大关系”准解题从语篇衔接的角度来说，阅读七选五中的正确选项与文中空白处的前后句之间必然存在某一种关系或关联。解题时，首先要分析文章结构(多为总分结构)，牢记一段一焦点(即一段只涉及主题的某一方面)；其次，重点分析空白处的前后句，运用以下“八大关系”，明确句际关系。一、原词相关原词相关，也可称为原词复现。众所周知，原词复现是文中词汇的一种衔接手段，即同一个词或短语在文章的不同位置出现。这里的原词通常指某个关键的动词、名词或该词的同根词。解题时，可根据文中空白处前后或本段中的某个关键词(也称为信息焦点词，通常为动词或名词)在选项中是否出现，运用词汇锁定法解题，从而迅速锁定答案。[典例1](2019·全国卷Ⅱ节选)Imagineachildstandingonadivingboardfourfeethighandaskinghimselfthequestion:“ShouldIjump？”Thisiswhatmotivationorthelackofitcando.Motivationandgoalsettingarethetwosidesofthesamecoin.__36__Likethechildonthedivingboard,youwillstayundecided....A．Thiscanaffectyourwork.B．Sohowshouldyoumotivateyourself?C．However,thisshouldnotdiscourageyou.D．Sowhyshouldwetrytosetspecificgoals?E．Theycanchangeaccordingtocircumstances.F．Motivationiswhatyouneedmosttodoagoodjob.G．Withoutmotivation,youcanneithersetagoalnorreachit.[分析]选G根据语境可知，空白处前面一句中的信息焦点词：motivation,goal和选项G中的“motivation”和“goal”相呼应，属于原词相关(原词复现)，而且正是通过“withoutmotivation”的衔接，对上文进一步进行说明，故选G。二、反义词相关反义词相关，也可称为反义词复现，通常指文中空白处的前后或本段中某个关键词(动词、名词、形容词或副词)的反义词在正确选项中出现。[典例2](2017·全国卷Ⅰ节选)...Wesleptinatent,cookedoveranopenfire,andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom.ThisbriefvisitwithMotherNaturecostmetwodaysofffromwork,recoveringfromabadcaseofsunburnandthedoctor'sbillformyson'sfoodpoisoning.Iwas,nevertheless,talkedintogoingonanotherfunfilledholidayinthewilderness.__38__Instead,wehadapopupcamperwithcomfortablebedsandanairconditioner.Mynaturelovingfriendshadrememberedtobringallthenecessitiesoflife....A．Thistimetherewasnotent.B．Thingsaregoingtobeimproved.C．Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.D．Iwastolearnalotaboutcampingsincethen,however.E．ImustsaythatIhavecertainlycometoenjoycamping.F．Afterthetrip,myfamilybecamequiteinterestedincamping.G．Therewasnoshadeasthetreeswerenomorethan3feettall.[分析]选A空处后一句中的“Instead”是解题的突破口，此词表示本空后面的内容与本空的信息相反。根据上文中的“Wesleptinatent...”和下文中的“Instead,wehadapopupcamperwithcomfortablebedsandanairconditioner.”可知，作者这次野营中有了舒适的露营车(camper)，而不是睡在“tent(帐篷)”里，“camper”和“tent”相对应，故选A。三、同/近义词相关同/近义词相关，也可称为同/近义词复现，是指文中空白处的前后句或本段中的某个关键词(动词、名词、形容词或副词)的同/近义词在正确选项中出现。[典例3](2018·全国卷Ⅱ节选)...●Yourproductivityisimproved.Exercisingmakesyoumoreawakeandreadytohandlewhateverisaheadofyoufortheday.__37__...●__40__Ifyouworkoutbrightandearlyinthemorning,youwillbemorelikelytosticktohealthyfoodchoicesthroughouttheday.Whowouldwanttoruintheirgoodworkoutbyeatingjunkfood?Youwillwanttocontinuetofocusonpositivechoices.A．Youwillsticktoyourdiet.B．Yourqualityofsleepimproves.C．Youpreferhealthyfoodtofastfood.D．Thereisnoreasonyoushouldexerciseinthemorning.E．Youcankeepyourheadclearfor4－10hoursafterexercise.F．Afteryouexercise,youcontinuetoburncaloriesthroughouttheday.G．Ifyouareplanningtodoexerci...
