语法专题——虚拟语气概念:虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜测建议或与事实不符的假设。虚拟语气可分为三种：（1）一般虚拟（2）混合虚拟（3）特殊句式考点一：一般虚拟的三种基本形式：阅读并观察下列句子，然后完成自我归纳。1.Ifweleftnow,weshouldarriveingoodtime.2.Ifitwereraining,thegamewouldbeputoff.3.Ifyouhadarrivedalittleearlier,youwouldhaveseenher.4.IfIhadstudiedhard,Iwouldhavepassedtheexam.5.Ifyoulivedthereforawhile,youwouldchangeyourmindaboutthatplace.6.Ifheweretocometothemeeting,whatshouldwesaytohim?7.Ifheshouldgoaway,Ishould/would/could/mightmisshim.总结归纳：一般虚拟的形式如下表：虚拟语气用于if条件句表虚拟的用法从句中谓语动词主句中谓语动词表与现在事实相反的情况表与过去事实相反的情况表与将来事实相反的情况即学即练：①IfI__________(be)you,I__________(go)withyou.②IfI__________(have)themoneylastweek,I______________(buy)acar.③Ifhe__________(come)backthisevening,hemighthelpusrepairthecar.④Ifyou__________(listento)thedoctor,you_______________(notbe)illthen.考点二：（时间）混合虚拟语气条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间不一致，主从句动词的形式根据时间调整，使用各自的谓语动词。1.Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldbemuchbetternow.2.IfIwereyounow,Iwouldhavegonetothetheatreyesterday..3.Tomwouldbealivetodayifthedoctorhadcomesoonerlastnight.即学即练：Ifyou____________(study)hardatthattime,you________________(be)acollegestudentnow.考点三：倒装的虚拟语气1）if条件句中有________;__________;___________时，可使用倒装结构，但必须省略if。2）条件句为否定句时，否定词not应置于主语后，不能与助动词等缩略成weren’t；shouldn’t；hadn’t置于句首。1.Wereyouinmyposition,youwoulddothesame.=Ifyouwereinmyposition,youwoulddothesame.2.Hadshebeenasked,shewouldhavedoneit.=Ifshehadbeenasked,shewouldhavedoneit.3.Shoulditbenecessary,Iwouldgotothemeeting.=Ifitshouldbenecessary,Iwouldgotothemeeting.4.WereInotsobusy,Iwouldgowithyou.=IfIwerenotsobusy,Iwouldgowithyou.即学即练：①IfIweretostudyinschoolagain,Iwouldworkharder.=___________inschoolagain,Iwouldworkharder.②Ifthereshouldbeameetingtomorrow,Iwouldcome.=___________________ameetingtomorrow,Iwouldcome.考点四：含蓄条件句的虚拟语气虚拟条件句中的条件从句有时候暗含在(如without…或butfor…；with；or；otherwise)或上下文中。1.Butforhishelp,wewouldn’thavemadesuchgreatprogress.2.Withoutthedreamsoftheyouth,thisinventionmighthavebeenpostponedforacentury.3.Hemusthavemissedthetrain,orhewouldhavearrivedherethen.14.Itwasnotamatterofmoney.Evenaverypoormanwouldhavedonethesame,Ithink.5.Theyhelpedmealot.Idon’tknowwhatIwouldhavedonewithouttheirhelp.6.Givenmoretime,hecouldhavedonetheworkbetter.考点五：虚拟条件句中两个常用句式：（Ifitweren’tfor…和Ifithadn’tbeenfor…）译为“要不是有…”其倒装形式是：Wereitnotfor…和Haditnotbeenfor…也可与butfor;without替换Ifitweren’tforwater,noplantcouldgrow.=______________________________,noplantcouldgrow.=_______________________________,noplantcouldgrow.Ifithadn’tbeenforyourhelp,wewouldn’thavesucceeded.=_____________________________,…=____________________________,…特殊句式：1.IwishIknewwhatwasgoingtohappen.2.IwishthatIhadlistenedtoyouradvice.3.Wewishthesnowwouldstopsoon.1.wish从句用法：①对过去的虚拟wish主语+___________②对现在的虚拟wish主语+___________③对将来的虚拟wish主语+___________4.IfonlyIhadtakenheradvice!5.Ifonlyhewouldcometomorrow!6.IfonlyIweretenyearsyounger!2.Ifonly从句用法翻译ifonly________________①与过去的虚拟Ifonly主语+_________...
