FriendshipFriendshipUnit1Discoveringusefulstructures直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号“”标出，叫做直接引语；用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号这叫做间接引语。直接引语为陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句时，转换为间接引语时,在句子的结构、人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等方面都有变化。1.转述他人的陈述→陈述句→SheaskedmewhatIwasdoing.1)Hesaid,“I’mgoingtoBeijing.”→HesaidthathewasgoingtoBeijing.2)Heasked,“Areyouateacher?”→Heaskedmeif/whetherIwasadoctor.3)Shesaid,“Whatareyoudoing?”2.转述他人的疑问→一般疑问句3.转述他人的问题→特殊疑问句•陈述句陈述句用连词用连词thatthat引导，引导，thatthat在口语中常省略。主在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said,said,也可用也可用toldtold来代替。注意，可以说来代替。注意，可以说saidthat,saidtosaidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.thatsb.that,toldsb.that，但不可直接说，但不可直接说toldthattoldthat。。Hesaid,“IhavebeentotheGreatWall.”Hesaid(tous)thathehadbeentotheGreatWall.Hesaid,“I'llgiveyouanexaminationnextMonday.”HetoldusthathewouldgiveusanexaminationthenextMonday.解题步骤:陈述句“Idon’tlikecomputers,”Sarahsaidtoherfriends.SarahsaidtoherfriendsthatIdon’tlikecomputers.saiddidn’tsheSarahsaidtoherfriendsthatshedidn’tlikecomputers.Sarah一般疑问句Hesaid,“Doyouhaveanydifficultywithpronunciation?”Heasked(me)whether/ifIhadanydifficultywithmypronunciation.Hesaid,“YouareinterestedinEnglish,aren'tyou?”HeaskedwhetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.•间接引语用连词间接引语用连词whetherwhether或或ifif引导，原主句引导，原主句中谓语动词中谓语动词saidsaid要改为要改为asked(me/him/usasked(me/him/us等等))，语序是陈述句的语序，语序是陈述句的语序一般疑问句“Isiteasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil?”Theyaskedhim.TheyaskedhimifItiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.itiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.askediswasTheyaskedhimifitwaseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.解题步骤:特殊疑问句Hesaidtome,“What'syourname?”Heaskedmewhatmynamewas.Heaskedus,“Howmanycarfactorieshavebeenbuiltinyourcountry?”Heaskedushowmanycarfactorieshadbeenbuiltinourcountry.•原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用句的谓语动词用ask(sb.)ask(sb.)来表达，语序来表达，语序改为陈述句语序改为陈述句语序特殊疑问句Whendoyouharvestthewheat?(Theyaskedhim)TheyaskedhimWhenyouharvestthewheatyouharvestthewheat.heheharvestedTheyaskedhimwhenheharvestedthewheat.解题步骤:选择疑问句Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?”HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench.Iasked,“Willyoutakebusortaketrain?”Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldtakebusortaketrain.•用用whether…or…whether…or…表达，而不用表达，而不用if…or…if…or…，，也不用也不用either…or…either…or…5.注意地点的变化在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化1.注意时态的变化2.注意人称变化3.注意指示代词的变化4.注意时间的变化6.注意个别趋向动词的变化直接引语时态间接引语时态一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时不变一般将来时过去将来时人称的变化口诀说明直接引语间接引语一随主二随宾第三人称不变引号内的第一人称变间引后与主句主语的人称保持一致引号内的第二人称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保持一致引号内的第三人称在变间引后人称不变Shesaid,“IlikeTennis.”ShesaidthatshelikedtennisHesaidtoLily,“youmustgetupearly”HetoldLilythatshemustgetupearlyShesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim”ShetoldmethatThattheywantedhelphim一随...
