反意疑问句特殊情况甘肃白银市第九中学马鹏飞俞萍英语中,反意疑问句是由陈述句和附在其后的附加疑问句组成。一般来说,前肯后否,前否后肯;疑问部分由两个词构成,第一个词为系动词、情态动词或助动词,或其与not的缩写,第二个词为代指主语的人称代词。下面笔者就反意疑问句的一些特例归纳如下:1.陈述部分为肯定句,但有never,no,hardly,seldom,little,few,nothing,nobody等否定意义的词(不包括含有否定意义前后缀的词)时,疑问部分用肯定形式,。如:LittleTomseldompaidattentiontotheschoolrules,didhe?Thestrangersareimpolite,aren’tthey?2.陈述句中是Iam…时,问句则用aren’tI,因为am和not没有缩写形式。例:I’mstillacolleaguemember,aren’tI?3.陈述句如果是therebe结构时,疑问部分仍用there。如:Therewillbeanewtallteachingbuildinginourschool,won’tthere?4.陈述句的主语是nobody,noone,everyone,somebody,anyone,anybody等不定代词时,疑问部分的主语为they;Nobodyhasbeenseentospeakinthisatmosphere,haven’tthey?5.陈述句的主语是something,anything,nothing等不定代词时,疑问部分的主语为it。如:Nothinghaseverhappenedinthistown,hasn’tit?6.陈述句的主语是动词不定式、v-ing形式或主语从句从句时,疑问部分的主语多用it。如:Toseeistobelieve,isn’tit?WatchingTVtoomuchisbadforoureyes,isn’tit?WhateveryouexplaintoKatherinedoesn’thaveinfluenceonher,doesn’tit?7.肯定和否定的祈使句的反意疑问句一般都用willyou,但Let’s…后的疑问句用shallwe。如:Shutyourmouth,willyou?Don’tmakeyourselfdisturbed,willyou.Let’sbelieveinthefundamentalgoodnessofhumannature,shallwe?Letusgotothepark,willyou?(与上句比较)8.并列句,对后一个分句反问。如:Itwasanimportantmeetingbutthechairmandidn’tturnup,didhe?9.当陈述部分主从复合句,疑问部分一般由主句确定,但主句的主语为I或we,谓语是suppose,think,believe,expect等时,附加疑问部分的主谓语与that从句保持一致,但这时要注意否定的转移。如:SheremindedmethatIhadmadethemistake,didn’tshe?Ihadalwayssupposed(that)hewashonest,wasn’the?(与上句比较)Ican’tbelievethatMaxisgivingupstudyingatschool,ishe?(与上句比较)10.陈述部分的谓语是wish,疑问部分要用may+主语。如:WeallwishflytoTaiwaninthenearfuture,maywe?11.陈述部分带有情态动词usedto时,疑问部分可以用used或did。如:Myfatherusedtosmoke,didn’t\usedn’the?12.陈述部分的主语是one,疑问部分的主语可用one,也可用you,在美语里还可用he。如:Oneshouldconstantlythinkofone’sweakness,shouldn’tone\he\you?13.如果情态动词表推测,疑问部分不用情态动词而要根据情态动词后的动词的结构采用相应的形式。如:Nancymustbeseventy,isn’tshe?Itmusthaverained,hasn’t\didn’tit?(句中无过去的时间状语)Itmusthaverainedlastnight,didn’tit?(与上句比较:句中有过去的时间状语)练习:1.Thereisnogoodnewstoday,_____?A.isn’titB.isn’tthereC.isitD.isthere2.Idon’tthinkitwillrain,_____?A.doIB.don’tIC.willitD.won’tit3.I’mfondofChinesestampsratherthanforeignones,_____?A.amnotIB.amIC.aren’tIaren’tthey4.Mybestclassmate,Mike,musthavepassedtheexaminations,_____?A.mustheB.mustn’theC.haven’theD.hasn’the5.Let’simaginelivingonthemoonsomeday,_____?A.shallweB.willyouC.don’tyouD.don’twe6.Thevillagerswereunfriendlytothenewcomers,_____?A.weretheyB.weren’ttheyC.werethevillagersD.weren’tthevillagers7.Youareintheright,thereforeweshouldsupportyou,_____?A.areyouB.aren’tyouC.shouldweD.shouldn’twe8.TheteacherwillhelpyouwithyourEnglish,ifyoureallylikeit,_____?A.won’theB.don’tyouC.willheD.doyou9.IwishtovisitTibet,_____?A.don’tIB.canIC.mayyouD.mayI10.Nobodyhasgotthenewmobilephones,_____?A.hasheB.havetheyC.haven’ttheyD.hasn’theKEYS:1.D2.C3.C4.D5.A6.B7.D8.A9.D10.B参考文献:1.ZhangDaozhen,APracticalEnglishGrammar2.LongmanDictionaryofEnglishLanguage&Culture3.CambridgeInternationalDictionaryofEnglish本人信息:马鹏飞:男,1973年11月生,本科学历,中教一级,高中英语教师,白银市优秀教师优秀班主任工作单位地址:甘肃白银第九中学邮编:730913俞萍:女,1974年生,本科学历,小学一级,靖煤一小电话:13884211877EMAIL:gansumpf@126.com-----------西北师范大学学报:自然科学版