1．被动语态的用法：强调动作的承受者；没有必要指出动作的执行者。2．被动语态的条件：谓语必须是及物动词或词组。被动语态的构成：be﹢过去分词，“be”随时态和主语人称和数的变化而变化。2、主动语态，即主语是动作的执行者。Eg.Wecleantheclassroom.3、被动语态，即主语是动作的承受者。Eg.Theclassroomiscleanedbyus.被动语态的基本构成是“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词+（by）”。be本身无词义，但有时态、人称和数的变化。by通常紧跟在被动句谓语动词之后，有时也可省。1、现在1）一般现在时am/is/are+done（2）现在进行时am/is/are+beingdone（3）现在完成时have/has+beendone2、过去：（1）一般过去时was/were+done（2）过去进行时was/were+beingdone3、将来：一般将来时shall/will+bedone三、被动语态句式：略（1）肯定：主语+be+过去分词+（by）Thecarsaremadebythem.（2）否定：主语+be+not+过去分词+（by）Thecarsarenotmadebythem.（3）一般疑问句：Be+主语+过去分词+（by）Arethecarsmadebythem?（4）含有情态动词的被动语态：主语+情态动词+（not）+be<原形>+过去分词+（by）四、被动语态的用法：1、强调动作的承受者eg.Herbikeisstolen2、淡化动作的执行者（没有说明、没必要指出、不知道）Eg.Thiscoatismadeofcotton.这件大衣是棉制的。3、动作的承受者是谈话的中心eg.Thepicturewasdrawnbyaboyundereight.五、主动与被动的转换：时态不变A.主动中的宾语→被动语态的主语B.谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词）C.主动中的主语→被动语态的宾语（介词by之后），主格→宾格Eg.Hecutdownatree.→Atreewascutdownbyhim.2、S+V+O1+O2（1）主动句的间接宾语/直接宾语→被动句的主语Eg.Theygavethechildrenmanygoodbooks.→Thechildrenweregivenmanygoodbooks.Manygoodbooksweregiventothechildren.（2）只能主动句的直接宾语→被动句的主语Eg.ShewroteJimaletter.→AletterwaswrittentoJim.3）宾语从句一般不可作为被动句的主语Eg.Shetoldmewhenthefilmstarted.→Iwastoldwhenthefilmstarted.1、by短语省略的几种情况：（1）无法确定动作执行者eg.TheGreatWallwasbuiltthousandsyearsago.（2）泛指动作执行者eg.Childrenshouldbegivenagoodliving.（3）不愿说出动作执行者3、在被动语态中，感官动词和使役动词后面的不定式要带to（听hear,观see/watch,使make,让let,帮help）一、将下列句子变为被动语态11.Theywillbuildaroadhere.2.Myfatherismendingmybikenow.4.Wemustfinishourhomeworkfirst.5.Shallwewatertheflowers?7.Mymotherboughtmeanewpairofshoes.8.Didhebreakthewindow?9.Weshouldtakegoodcareofthetrees.10.Thechildrendon’tplaybasketballwell.11.Wearemakingpaperflowers.12.MissLiteachesusmathwell.13.WeproducedthecarinChina.14.Haveyoupostedyourcardsyet?16.Willtheteacherstakeustothecarfactory?17.Wehaddoneitbeforeyoucameback.19.Youcanlookafteryoursisterthisafternoon.20.TheywerewatchingaTVplaywhenIcamehome.二、单项选择（）1.Thousandsoftreeseveryday.A.arecutdownB.arebeingcutdownC.havebeencutdownD.hadbeencutdown（）2.Footballinmostmiddleschoolsinmanycountries.A.playB.playsC.isplayingD.isplayed2（）3.Heawarmwelcomeatthestation.A.wasgivenB.gaveC.wasgivingD.hasgiven（）4.Theroomagaintomorrowafternoon.A.willbecleanedB.willcleanC.iscleanedD.cleans（）5.Alltheanswersalready.A.havebeenfoundoutB.havefoundoutC.arefoundoutD.werefoundout（）6.Adinosaurshowatthemuseumnextweek.A.aretobeheldB.istobeheldC.areholdingD.willhold（）7.TheGreatWallallovertheworld.A.areknownB.isknownC.willbeknownD.knows（）9.Waterintoiceunder0℃.A.willchangeB.canbechangedC.shouldchangeD.mustbechanged（）10.Astrangesoundlastnight.A.washeardB.hearsC.heardD.isheard（）13.Manynewhousesforteacherssincelastyear.A.arebuildingB.builtC.havebuiltD.havebeenbuilt（）14.Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemustdi...
