Bell Labs 贝尔实验室的历史VIP免费

BellLabsBellLabsU.S.headquartersatNewProvidence,NewJerseyBellLaboratoriesistheonewhostudiedphysicsattheuniversityofthepeopleshouldhaveheardthename.Forscientistsaroundtheworld,thenameisknowntoeverybody.ThelaboratoryoftheU.S.timeofthe80yearssinceitsinceptionin1925,mademanyimportantinventionsanddiscoveries,changingthephysics,butalsochangedtheworld.January1th,1925,thethenpresidentofAT&T,WalterGifford,acquisitionoftheresearchdepartmentoftheWesternelectronicscompanies,theestablishmentofanindependententitycalledthe“BellTelephoneLaboratories,Inc.”,laterrenamedtheBellLabs.Asthemostoutstandingandwell-knownlaboratoryareamongtheworldscientificcommunityintheentire20thcentury,nowwetalkaboutitsachievement.In1933,KarlJanskybyelectrostaticnoiseinthelong-distancecommunicationoftheresearchfoundthatthegalacticcenterinthecontinuousemissionofradiowaves,theradiowavesiscalledthe3Kbackgroundradiation.Throughthisresearchandradioastronomy.In1947,BellLabsinventedthetransistor.Oneoftheinventorofthetransistor.BrattonTheShannon(ClaudeShannon)1948published<>andlaidthefoundationformoderncommunicationtheory.In1958,BellLabsinventedthelaser.In1969,BellLabsisthebirthplaceoftheUNIXoperatingsystemandClanguageBellLabsNobelPrize-winningscientistNo.NameAwardsandaward-winningreasonsAward-winningworkCompletetheworknationalitytimeagetimeage1C.J.DavissonThediscoveryoftheelectrondiffractionVerifythetheoryofmatterwaves1937USA2J.BardeenInventionofthetransistor195650194741USA3W.H.Brittain441947454W.B.Shockley461947375P.W.AndersonStudythemagneticanddisorderedTheelectronicstructureofthematerial197754195532USA6A.A.PenziasFoundthecosmicmicrowaveBackgroundThebackgroundradiation1978451963327R.Wilson42196327USA8S.Chu(朱棣文)FoundthecosmicmicrowaveBackgroundThebackgroundradiation199749198537ChineseAmerican9H.StormerFoundamixedfractionchargeOfthenewquantum199839198233USA10D.C.Tsui(崔琦)49198243ChineseAmerican11R.C.Laughlin48198232USABellLabsNobelPrize-winningscientistBellLabs,thetypeofwork：Principallyengagedintelecommunicationstechnologyinbasictheoreticalresearchinbasicresearch,includingmathematics,physics,materialsscience,behavioralscience,andcomputerprogrammingconcepts.Systemsengineeringresearchconstitutesahighlycomplexsystemoftelecommunicationsnetworks.ThedevelopmentdepartmentisthelargestdepartmentofBellLabs,responsibleforthedesignconstitutestheBellSystemtelecommunicationsnetworkequipmentandsoftwareNaturemagazineinAugust2008,reportedthesurprisingnews:WithAT&Tin1996becauseoffinancialdifficultiestosellpartofthebranches,includingBellLabswassoldtoFrance,Alcatel-Lucent(Alcatelafterthecompany-Lucent),BellLabs,frombadtoworse,aroundMay2008,thenumberofit‘spositiveresearcherorprofessorhasdroppedtofourorfivepeoplefromtheheydayofonlyfourpeople,manyunderit,foritsproductionbasicresearchmaterialfactorywasforcedtoclose.TheriseandfallofBellLabs,isreminiscentoftheonceverybrilliantCambridgeUniversityCavendishLaboratory,thinkoftheCopenhagenSchool,GöttingenSchoolandColumbiaSchool...WhereisnextBellLabs?China?