The_lower_limb(new)VIP专享VIP免费

LowerLimbThelowerlimb(1)ReviewBonesofthelowerlimbHipboneiliumischiumpubisFemurPatellaTibiaFibulatarsalbonesmetatarsalbonesphalangesoftoesJointsofthelowerlimbHipjointKneejointAnklejointMusclesoflowerlimbThemusclesoflowerlimbaredividedinto:themusclesofhip,thigh,legandfoot.MusclesofhipanteriorgroupIliopsoas髂腰肌iliacus髂肌psoasmajor腰大肌Psoasminor腰小肌Tensorfasciaelatae阔筋膜张肌PosteriorgroupGluteusmaximus臀大肌Gluteusmedius臀中肌Gluteusminimus臀小肌Piriformis梨状肌Obturatorinternus闭孔内肌Quadratusfemoris股方肌Obturatorexternus闭孔外肌PiriformisOrigin:anteriorsurfaceofsacrumInsertion:greatertrochanteroffemurDividedthegreatersciaticforamenintosuprapiriformforamen梨状肌上孔andinfrapiriformforamen梨状肌下孔Action:rotatesthighlaterallyathipjointNervesupply:sacralplexusMusclesofthighAnteriorgroupSartorius缝匠肌Quadricep股四头肌Rectusfemoris股直肌Vastusmedialis股内侧肌Vastuslateralis股外侧肌Vastusintermedius股中间肌MedialgroupPectineus耻骨肌Adductorlongus长收肌Adductorbrevis短收肌Adductormagnus大收肌Gracilis股薄肌adductthighathipjointPosteriorgroupBicepsfemoris股二头肌Semitendinosus半腱肌Semimembranosus半膜肌flexthelegatkneejointextendthethighathipjointMusclesoflegAnteriorgroupTibialisanterior胫骨前肌Extensorhallucislongus拇长伸肌Extensordigitorumlongus趾长伸肌Peroneustertius第三腓骨肌LateralgroupPeroneuslongus腓骨长肌Peroneusbrevis腓骨短肌plantarflexandevertthefootPosteriorgroupSuperficiallagertricepssurae小腿三头肌Gastrocnemius腓肠肌Soleus比目鱼肌DeeplayerPopliteus腘肌Flexordigitorumlongus趾长屈肌Flexorhallucislongus拇长屈肌Tibialisposterior胫骨后肌MusclesoffootMusclesondorsum:extensordigitorumbrevisMusclesinsole:medial,lateralandintermediategroupsArteriesoflowerlimbFemorala.Continuationoftheexternaliliaca.BeginsmidpointofinguinalligamentPrincipalbranchdeepfemerala.股深动脉:arisesfromtheposterolateralsurfaceofthefemoralarteryabout5cmbelowtheinguinalligament.Distributedtoallthreemusclecompartmentsbymedialandlateralfemoralcircumflex旋股内、外侧动脉andfourperforatingarteries穿动脉ofdeepfemorala.Popliteala.Continuationoffemorala.atadductorhiatusDividedintoanteriorandposteriortibialarteriesatlowerborderofpoplitusPosteriortibiala.PassesdownwarsdeeptogastrocnemiusandsoleusPassesbehindmedialmallealusbydividingintomedialandlateralplantararteriesBranches:peroneala.,medialandlateralplantara,Anteriortibiala.DescendsonanteriorsurfaceofinterosseousmembraneInfrontofanklejointbecomesdorsala.offootDorsala.offootPassesforwardbetweentendonsofextensorlongusandextensordigitorumlongustotheproximalEndoffirstintermetatarsalspaceObturatora.Branchofinternaliliaca.Passesthroughtheobturatorforamenandentersmedialcompartmentofthighsuppliesobturatorexternus,pectineus,adductorsofthigh,andgracilisVeinsoflowerlimbDeepveins:anteriorandposteriortibialv.→poplitealv.→femoralv.→externaliliacv.Greatsaphenousv.大隐静脉BeginsthemedialendofdorsalvenousarchoffoodPassesanteriortothemedialmalleolusandascendsonthemedialsideoftheleg,thenpassesbehindthekneeandcurvesforwardaroundthemedialsideofthethighInclinesanteriorlythroughthethightoenterthefemoralveinthroughthesaphenousopeningwhichliesabout3~4cmbelowandlateraltothepubictubercleTributaries:Superfic...