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主语宾语表语定语状语补语动名词现在分词过去分词不定式√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√××××××语态时态主动形式被动形式一般式完成式(not)doing(not)beingdone(not)havingdone(not)havingbeendoneCompare!--V-ing一般时和一般时的被动形式;1)Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindfromtimetotime.2)Thebuildingbeingrepairedisourdormitory.---V-ing的完成时和完成时的被动形式1)Havinglitacandle,shewentout.2)Havingbeenaskedtostay,Icouldn’tleave.3)Havingheardthis,ourteacherexpressedhersatisfaction.Thinkandcompare!Thinkandcompare!当动词-ing形式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，就要用v-ing形式的被动语态。动词-ing形式的被动语态V-ing形式表示的动作与主句谓语动词同时发生，用其一般式;V-ing形式表示的动作在主句谓语动词之前发生，用其完成时，在具体应用中也常以一般式代替完成式。V-ing的用法：1.作主语★Swimmingisgoodforhealth.★___________(raise)yourhattoaaladyisgoodmanners.对一位女士脱帽致敬是礼貌的。★____________(kill)bysharksintheseaisacommonthing.RaisingBeingkilled2.作表语(往往表示一种概念，习惯或经验，或说明主语的内容.)☆Teachingislearning.教学相长．☆Myhobbyis__________(make)modelplanes.☆Herregretis______________(abandon)byhim.makingbeingabandoned注意：1).动名词和不定式都可以作主语，动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。如：Playingwithfireisdangerous.（泛指玩火）Toplaywithfirewillbedangerous.（指一具体动作）2).V-ing形式和不定式都要有对称性;当主语是不定式时，表语也用不定式；反之，当主语是V-ing形式时，表语也用V-ing形式。Toseeistobelieve.=Seeingisbelieving.注意3).It’snouse/nogood/nice/fundoingsthIt’sawasteoftime/agoodpleasuredoingsthit作形式主语,只用V-ing,不用不定式。※Itis+adj.+(forsb)todosthItisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.覆水难收。Itisawasteoftime___________(talk)tohim.Itisimportantforme_______________(learn)English.talkingtolearn4).V-ing形式在“Thereis(was)no+doing”结构中作主语。Thereisno______(joke)aboutsuchmatters.这种事开不得玩笑。Thereisno________(deny)thefactthatChinahasmadearapidprogressineveryaspectsinceitwasfounded.不容抵赖这个事实，中国自它成立以来已在各个方面都取得了飞速的发展。Thereisno________(litter)about.不许乱扔杂物。jokingdenyinglittering1.Idon'tthinkit'smuchgood_____tohim.A.writingB.towriteC.writeD.written2.Suchbooksarenotworthy_____atall.A.ofbeingreadB.beingreadC.readingD.toread3.Itisnouse________withoutthrough_________.A.toread;understoodB.reading;understandingC.toread;understandD.read;tounderstandExercises3.作宾语V-ing形式既可作动词的宾语,也可作介词的宾语。★Wewouldappreciatehearingfromyou．我们会珍惜你的来信。★Thebirdescaped______________(catch).★Ifeellike__________(join)thearmy.★Hewasafraidof____________(abandon)byus.beingabandonedbeingcaughtjoining注意：在avoid,admit,appreciate,consider,delay,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,forgive,imagine,mind,miss,practise,risk,suggest,giveup,putoff,feellike,insiston,insteadof,lookforwardto,objectto,keepon等后只接V-ing形式作宾语。Exercises1.Thethiefenteredtheroomwithout_____.A.noticingB.beingnoticedC.havingnoticedD.havingbeennoticed2.Besides_____,sheiskindandtender.A.beautifulB.beingbeautifulC.shebeautifulD.isbeautiful3.Whenheheardthebignoise,Tomstopped_____and_____tothewindowtoseewhatwashappening.A.toread;wentB.reading;togoC.reading;goingD.reading;went注意①在want，need，require，deserve等动词之后作宾语时，常用动名词的主动式表示被动意义。Yourcarneedsfilling.你这车要充气了。Thiscitydeservesvisiting.这座城市...