定语从句A.语法要点剖析定语从句概述：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词，用作定语的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。被定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that,as和关系副词when,where,why等。1．引导的限制性定语从句关系代词有who,whom,whose,that,which,as。Thenumberofpeoplewholosthomesintheearthquakereachedasmanyas250,000.(作主语)Theperson(whom/who)youshouldaskisMrBall.(作宾语，可省略)Todayfruittreeswhich/thatoncegrewonlyinChinacanbefoundinmanypartsoftheworld.(作主语)Thefilm(that/which)wesawlastnightiswonderful.(作宾语，可省略)Ihaveafriendwhosesisterisafamousactress.(作定语)Thedictionarywhosecoverhascomeoffismine.(作定语)Suchthingsasyoudescribedarerarenow.(作宾语)2．引导的限制性定语从句关系副词有where,when,why。AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyears,hereturnedtothesmalltownwherehegrewupasachild.(作状语，表地点)Doyouknowthereasonwhyheleftearly?(作状语，表原因)JulyandAugustarethemonthswhentheweatherishot.(作状语，表时间)3．引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,as。Helivesintheroom,whosewindowfacestothesouth.(作定语)Asweallknow,lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.(作宾语)Whomovedmycheese?,whichisabestsellingbook,iswrittenbySpencerJohnson.(作主语)4．引导非限制性定语从句的关系副词有when,where。We’llputofftheoutinguntilnextweek,whenwewon’tbesobusy.(作时间状语)ChaplinwenttotheStates,wheremostofthefilmsweremadeatthattime.(作地点状语)5．关系代词that与which的用法区别⑴．只用that引导定语从句的情况：①．当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。Thefirstthingthatshouldbedoneistogetsomefood.ThisisthebestnovelthatIhaveeverread.②．当先行词是不定代词all,little,much,anything,everything,nothing等时。Togetthejobstarted,allthatIneedisyourpermission.--Doyouhaveanythinginmindthatyou’dlikeforsupper?--Well,anythingisOKwithme.③．当先行词被only,very,few,any,no,all等词修饰时。Heansweredfewquestionsthattheteacherasked.ThisistheverybookIlostyesterday.④．当先行词是一个既有人又有物的并列词组时。Theyaretalkingaboutthepersonsandthethingsthattheysawinthefactory.⑤．当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.⑥．当要避免和疑问词重复时。Whichisthebikethatyoulost?⑵．只用which引导定语从句的情况：①．引导非限制性定语从句时。Football,whichisaninterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.②．在介词之后作宾语时。Thisisthevillageinwhichhewasbroughtup.6．as与which的用法的区别⑴．as引导限制性定语从句通常构成as…as，such…as或thesame…as固定搭配，as在从句中可作主语、表语或宾语。Asateacher,Iseldomgivemystudentssodifficultaproblemastheycannotworkout.SuchpeopleasknewTomthoughthewasatalentedyoungman.Manyofthesportswerethesameastheyarenow.⑵．as和which引导非限制性定语从句，指主句的整个内容时，as从句位置灵活，可置于主句前或后，也可插在主句中，往往表示“正如……”；which从句只能位于主句后，意为“这，这一点”。Themoon,asisknowntoeverybody,travelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.Asisknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.Themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth,asisknowntoeverybody.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.7．“介词（短语）＋which/whom”引导的定语从句Theratisdiggingatunnelthroughwhichitreachthefieldtogetfood.Theman,fromwhomIlearnedthenews,isanengineer.8．“不定代词/数词＋ofwhich/whom”引导的定语从句Chinahasalotofislands,oneofwhichisTaiwan.Therearelotsofstudentshere,noneofwhomlikethefilm.9．“名词＋ofwhich”（＝whose+名词/ofwhich+名词）引导的定语从句Hementionedabook,thetitleofwhich（＝whosetitle/ofwhichthetitle）I’veforgotten.10．“介词＋whose＋名词”引导的定语从句Thedriverwasthemanfromwhoseroomshehadstolenthemaps.11.“theway+定语从句”中的引导词有三种形式：inwhich/that//Nobodylikestheway(that)/(inwhich)hespeakstousall.
