非谓语动词的句法功能•一作主语A.不定式•Toseeistobelieve.(强调具体行动更强调一次性)B.–ing•Seeingisbelieving.眼见为实(一般行为)C.the+过去分词表一类人Theinjuredweresenttohospital.常用不定式的惯用句1.Itis+adj.+todostheg:Itisnotsafetodrinkthepollutedwater.Itis+adj.+ofsbtodosthforsbtodostheg:Itiskindofhimtohelp.(Heiskind.)Itisimpossibleforhimtohelpus.(Heisimpossible.x)2.Itisa/an+n(crime,mistake,pity,shame,goodidea)+todostheg:Itisanoffencetotakephotoshere.3.Ittakes+…todostheg:Itwouldtakeyearstorebuildthecastle.常用不定式的惯用句常用-ing的惯用句1.Itisnouse/goodwaitingforhim.2.Mysister’sfallingillworriedmymothergreatly.逻辑主语形容词性物主代词名词所有格二作表语Ａ.不定式说明主语的内容表具体某次动作或即将发生的动作．1.Myhobbyistocollectoldcoins.The“to”isoptionalinsentencessuchas:Theonlythingtodo/wecandois(to)writetohim.Allwecandoistowritetohim.2.OuraimistobuildChinaintoapowerful,modernsocialistcountry.Ｂ.–ing•主语常是表示事物或动作的名词－说明主语的内容（动名词）HerjobisteachingEnglish.•主语常是表示事物的名词－表示主语所具有的特征（现在分词）Thenewsisexciting.Ｃ.过去分词－表示主语所处的状态主语常是表示人的名词Iammarried.三作宾语Ａ.不定式某些动词后面要接不定式作宾语:intend,decide,wish,want,refuse,promise等注意：help(to)dosth在expect,mean,intend,want,like,prefer,hate等之后+theretobeeg:Peopledon’twanttheretobeanotherwar.B.–ing1.某些动词后要接–ing作宾语：admit,avoid,dislike,mind,finish,practise,enjoy,imagine,suggest,feellike,can’thelp,delay,consider,etc•Wedon’tmindhimexplainingtheproblemagain.（逻辑主语常由名词或代词也可用名词所有格形容词性物主代词）2.某些介词词组之后：•befondof,lookforwardto,besorryfor,what/howabout,insiston,havedifficultyin,befor/against,beinterestedin,without,giveup,keepon两种形式都可以但意义不同remembertodosthforgettodosthrememberdoingsthforgetdoingsthmeantodosthtrytodosthmeandoingsthtrydoingsthstoptodosthgoontodosthstopdoingsthgoondoingsthregrettodosthbeafraidtodosthregretdoingsthbeafraidofdoingsth两种形式意义相同但用法不同•start/begintododoingsth(1.动词表心理活动,如realize,understand等用不定式；•2.begin与start的进行时态后只接不定式；•3.主语为无生命物用不定式Itbegantothunder)need*sth.requiredoing/tobedonewantsth.主语（表物）*beworthdoing常用不定式的惯用语：①Wethinkitimpossibletofinishtheworksosoon.形式宾语(常见动词：believe,consider,find,discover)②动词（ask,decide,discover,findout,forget,know,learn,show,wonder等）+how/what/when等疑问词+todoeg:Hediscoveredhowtoopenthesafe.③but/except(prep.)+todosth./dosth.eg:Hehasnochoicebuttoliedownandsleep.Hehasnothingtodobutliedownandsleep.not…but连词词组，表示对比或强调Theydecidenottovisitotherplacesbuttoremainwheretheirwere.四、作宾语补足语A.不定式（宾语为动作的执行者）①某些动词之后加带to的不定式作宾补：advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,command,except,get等。*promisesb.todosth.（由主语去做的动作）Hismotherpromised(him)tobuyhimabigcakeforhisbirthday.②某些动词之后加不带to的不定式做宾补:make,let,have,see,hear,watch,notice,feel,listento,lookat等。*被动句式中需添回toHewasseentoplaybytheriver.B.–ing（宾语为动作的执行者）某些动词之后加-ing作宾补:see,hear,notice,watch,observe,feel,listento,lookat,make,have,get,find,keep,leave,catch等。getthecargoing,gettheenginerunningcatch/findsb.doingsth.smellsomethingburningseesb.dosth.看见事物的全过程，目的在于仅仅说明发生了该件事（或动作已经完成，或经常性动作）。seesb.doingst...
