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1、metaphor(暗喻、隐喻)2、euphemism（委婉语）3、antithesis(对比、对照)4、metonymy(转喻)由特点代5、parallism(平行结构)6、oxymoron(矛盾)7、anticlimax(渐降)8、irony(反语)9、hyperbole(夸张)10、synecdoche(提喻)：以局部代整体11、pun(双关)12、transferredepithet(移就)13、periodic(圆周句)14、understatement(轻描淡写)15、inversion(倒装)16、repetition(重复)17、alliteration(头韵)18、sarcasm（讽刺）19、simile(明喻)20、personification(拟人)Lesson91.MostAmericansrememberMarkTwainasthefatherofHuckFinn’sidylliccruisethrougheternalboyhoodandTomSawyer’sendlesssummeroffreedomandadventure.(hyperbole)2.IfoundanotherTwainaswell---onewhogrewcynical,bitter…….whosawclearlyaheadablackwallofnight.(metaphor)3.mainarteryoftransportationintheyoungnation’sheart(metaphor)4.Thecastofcharacterssetbeforehiminhisnewprofessionwasrichandvaried-----acosmos(metonymy)5.thedifferencebetweenwhatpeopleclaimtobeandwhattheyreallyare(antithesis)6.succumbedtotheepidemicofgoldandsilverfever(metaphor)7.heflirtedwiththecolossalwealthavailabletotheluckyandthepersistent,andwasrebuffed.(metaphor)8.formakingmoney,hispenwouldprovemightierthanhispickax(metonymy)9.MarkTwainhonedandexperimentedwithhisnewwritingmuscles:(metaphor)10.Americalaughedwithhim(personificati、hyperbole)11.Tom’smischievousdaring,ingenuity,andthesweetinnocenceofhisaffectionforBeckyarealmostassuretobestudiedinAmericanschoolstodayasistheDeclarationofIndependence.(inversion)12.aworldwhichwilllamentthemadayandforgetthemforever(antithesis)13.theyvanishfromaworldwheretheywereofnoconsequence;wheretheyachievednothing;wheretheywereamistakeandafailureandafoolishness;wheretheyhaveleftnosignthattheyhadexisted(parallelism)Lesson101.Sohaseveryotherteacher(inversion)2.Butlerwasa49-year-oldfarmerwhobeforehiselectionhadneverbeenoutofhisnativecountry(metaphor)3.Myfriendtheattorney–generalsaysthatJohnknowswhatheisherefor.(sarcasm)4.Afterawhile,itisthesettingofmanagainstmanandcreedagainstcreeduntilwearemarchingbackwardstothegloriousageofthesixteenthcentury.(irony)5.TheChristianbelievesthatmancamefromabove.Theevolutionistbelievesthathemusthavecomefrombelow.(sarcasm)6.GonewasthefierecefervourofthedayswhenBryanhadsweptthepoliticalarenalikeaprairiefire.(inversion)7.Mr.Bryan,withpassionatespiritandenthusiasm,hasgivenmostofhislifetopolitics.(sarcasm)8.WhenMalonefinishedtherewasamomentaryhush.ThenthecourtbrokeintoastormofapplausethatsurpassedthatforBryan.(antithesis)9.Oneshopannounced:DARWINISRIGHT-----INSIDE.(ThiswasJ.R.Darwin’sEverythingtoWearStore)(pun)10.Thencametheclimaxofthetrial:(inversion)11.HisreputationasanauthorityonScriptureisrecognisedthroughouttheworld.(hyperbole)12.Dudleycalledmyconvictiona“victoriousdefeat”(oxymoron)13.TheoratorialstormthatClarenceandDudleyblewupinthelittlecourtinDaytonsweptlikeafreshwindthroughtheschoolsandlegislativeofficesoftheUnitedStates,bringinginitswakeanewclimateofintellectualandacademicfreedomthathasgrownwiththepassingyears.(metaphor)Lesson111.Justwhat’sadictionaryfor?Whatdoesitprposetodo?Whatdoesthecommonreadergotoadictionarytofind?Whathasthepurchaserofadictionaryarighttoexpectforhismoney?(repetition)2.Somedictionariesgivevariouskindsofotherusefulinformation.Somehavetablesofweightsandmeasuresontheflyleaves.Somelisthistoricaleventsandsome,homeremedies.(repetition)3.betweenthemuch-toutedSecondInternationalandthemuch-cloutedThirdInternational(antithesis)4.Iftheeditorialswereserious,thepublic—andthestockholders—havereasontobegratefulthatthewritersonthesepublicationsaremoreliteratethantheeditors.(sarcasm)5.Thenfollowsaseriesofspecialmeanings,eachparticularlydefinedand,wherenecessary,illustratedbyaquotation.(inversion)