语法衔接—连词连词是一种虚词,它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词,短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类:并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。如:and,but,or,nor,so,therefore,yet,however,for,hence,aswellas,both…and,notonly…butalso,either…or,neither…nor,(and)then等等。并列连词与并列结构并列连词引导两个并列的句子。1)and与or判断改错:(错)Theysatdownandtalkaboutsomething.(错)Theystartedtodanceandsang.(错)Isawtwomensittingbehindandwhisperthere.(对)Theysatdownandtalkedaboutsomething.(对)Theystartedtodanceandsing.(对)Isawtwomensittingbehindandwhisperingthere.解析:第一句:and连接两个并列的谓语,所以talk应改为talked。第二句:and连接两个并列的动词不定式,第二个不定式往往省略to,因此sang应改为sing。第三句:and连接感观动词saw后面的用作的宾补的两个并列分词结构,因此whisper应改为whispering。注意:and还可以和祈使句或名词词组连用表示条件。(or也有此用法)Makeupyourmind,andyou'llgetthechance.=Ifyoumakeupyourmind,you'llgetthechance.Onemoreeffort,andyou'llsucceed.=Ifyoumakeonemoreeffort,you'llsucceed.2)both…and两者都Sheplays(both)thepianoandtheguitar.3)notonly…but(also),aswellas不但…而且)1/3Sheplaysnotonlythepiano,but(also)theguitar.注意:notonly…butalso关联两个分句时,一个分句因有否定词not而必须倒装。Notonlydoeshelikereadingstories,butalsohecanevenwritesome.4)neither…nor意思为"既不……也不……"谓语动词采用就近原则,与nor后的词保持一致。Neitheryounorheistoblame.比较and和or1)并列结构中,or通常用于否定句,and用于肯定句。2)但有时and也可用于否定句。请注意其不同特点:Thereisnoairorwaterinthemoon.Thereisnoairandnowateronthemoon.在否定中并列结构用or连接,但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构,因此要用and。典型例题---Idon'tlikechicken___fish.---Idon'tlikechicken,___Ilikefishverymuch.A.and;andB.and;butC.or;butD.or;and答案C。否定句中表并列用or,but表转折。判断改错:(错)Wewilldiewithoutairandwater.(错)Wecan'tlivewithoutairorwater.(对)Wewilldiewithoutairorwater.(对)Wecan'tlivewithoutairandwater.表示选择的并列结构1)or意思为"否则"。Imustworkhard,orI'llfailintheexam.2)either…or意思为"或者……或者……"。注意谓语动词采用就近原则。EitheryouorIamright.表示转折或对比1)but表示转折,while表示对比。2/3Somepeoplelovecats,whileothershatethem.典型例题---Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight?---I'dliketo,___I'mtoobusy.A.andB.soC.asD.but答案D。but与前面形成转折,符合语意。而表并列的and,结果的so,原因的as都不符合句意。2)not…but…意思为"不是……而是……"not和but后面的用词要遵循一致原则。Theywerenotthebonesofananimal,but(thebones)ofahumanbeing.表原因关系1)for判断改错:(错)Forheisill,heisabsenttoday.(对)Heisabsenttoday,forheisill.for是并列连词,不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首,只能将其放在两个分句中间。2)so,thereforeHehurthisleg,sohecouldn'tplayinthegame.注意:a.两个并列连词不能连用,但therefore,then,yet.可以和并列连词连用。YoucanwatchTV,andoryoucangotobed.Hehurthisleg,andso/andthereforehecouldn'tplayinthegame.b.although…yet…,但although不与but连用。(错)Althoughhewasweak,buthetriedhisbesttodothework..(对)Althoughhewasweak,yethetriedhisbesttodothework.3/3