第8讲非谓语动词1.Batsaresurprisinglylonglivedcreatures,some______alifespanofaround20years.A.havingB.hadC.haveD.tohave【答案及解析】1.A考查独立主格结构。句意为“令人惊讶的是,蝙蝠是长寿的动物,有些能活20年左右。”had和have是谓语动词形式,题中没有连词,无法并存两个句子。tohave表将来;having表伴随。2.Eventhebestwriterssometimesfindthemselves______forwords.A.loseB.lostC.toloseD.havinglost【答案及解析】2.B考查非谓语动词。句意为“甚至最优秀的作家有时也会发现他们难以用文字表达自己。”lose是及物动词,A、C、D项都是主动式,空格后没有lose的宾语,故用过去分词lost当形容词用,作findthemselves的宾语补足语。3.Iftheywinthefinaltonight,theteamaregoingtotouraroundthecity______bytheirenthusiasticsupporters.A.beingcheeredB.becheeredC.tobecheeredD.werecheered【答案及解析】3.C考查非谓语动词。句意为“如果他们赢了今晚的决赛,队员们将会巡游全城,接受热心支持者的欢呼。”A项beingcheered正在进行;B项becheered是谓语原形;D项werecheered也是谓语,但句中已有谓语aregoingto;C项tobecheered表示将来,同时也表示被动。4.Theexperimentshowsthatproperamountsofexercise,if______regularly,canimproveourhealth.A.beingcarriedoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout【答案及解析】4.C考查if条件句的省略。【答案及解析】本句的主语是theexperiment,谓语动词是shows,that引导宾语从句,宾语从句的主干是:properamountsofexercisecanimproveourhealth,if______regularly是插入的条件从句,其完整形式是:ifitiscarriedoutregularly,省略了itis。整个句意为:这项实验表明,适当的运动,如果有规律地进行,有利于我们的身体健康。5.Thetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundertheageoffourand______lessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat.A.beingweighedB.toweighC.weighedD.weighing【答案及解析】5.D考查非谓语动词。宾语从句中的主干为:youngchildrenmustbeinachildsafetyseat。undertheageoffourand______lessthan40pounds用于修饰宾语从句主语children。【答案及解析】动词weigh与名词children是主动关系,所以选择weighing。句意:交通法则规定4岁以下并且体重不超过40磅的幼儿必须坐在幼儿安全座上。6.Thereisagreatdealofevidence______thatmusicactivitiesengagedifferentpartsofthebrain.A.indicateB.indicatingC.toindicateD.tobeindicating【答案及解析】6.B考查非谓语动词。此处是indicating短语作evidence的后置定语,其中thatmusicactivities…thebrain是动语indicate的宾语从句。动词不定式、分词(现在分词,过去分词)和动名词统称为非谓语动词。现代英语将现在分词和动名词合为一大类叫做v.ing形式。动词不定式、过去分词及v.ing形式在句中均不能作谓语用,所以叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词形式多样,应用广泛,且在句中起着很活跃的作用,也是语法项目中的重点和难点。1.动词不定式的形式变化动词不定式的要点2.动词不定式的基本用法(1)作主语:Tohelpeachotherisgood.动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用,可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用。(动词不定式作主语时,一般可用it作形式主语,而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末),如:Itisgoodtohelpeachother.(2)作表语:Myjobistodrivethemtothepowerstationeveryday.动词不定式的要点(3)作宾语:①作及物动词的宾语,如:Shewishestobeamusician.②作某些形容词的宾语:这类形容词一般有glad,sorry,afraid,pleased,determined,willing,eager,anxious,ready,sure等,如:Iamdeterminedtogiveupsmoking.③当动词不定式之前有疑问词时,就可作介词的宾语,如:Canyougiveussomeadviceonwhattodonext?动词不定式的要点(4)作宾语补足语,如:Tellthechildrennottoplayonthestreet.如果句中的谓语动词为see,hear,watch,notice,have,make,let等,作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去,如:Isawalittlegirlrunacrossthestreet.(5)作定语:须位于被...