恩格斯在马克思墓前的讲话[大全]恩格斯在马克思墓前的讲话"onthe14thofmarch,ataquartertothreeintheafternoon,thegreatestlivingthinkerceasedtothink.hehadbeenleftaloneforscarcelytwominutes,andwhenwecamebackwefoundhiminhisarmchair,peacefullygonetosleep-butforever."animmeasurablelosshasbeensustainedbothbythemilitantproletariatofeuropeandamerica,andbyhistoricalscience,inthedeathofthisman.thegapthathasbeenleftbythedepartureofthismightyspiritwillsoonenoughmakeitselffelt."justasdarwindiscoveredthelawofdevelopmentoforganicnature,somarxdiscoveredthelawofdevelopmentofhumanhistory:thesimplefact,hithertoconcealedbyanovergrowthofideology,thatmankindmustfirstofalleat,drink,haveshelterandclothing,beforeitcanpursuepolitics,science,art,religion,etc.;thatthereforetheproductionoftheimmediatematerialmeansofsubsistenceandconsequentlythedegreeofeconomicdevelopmentattainedbyagivenpeopleorduringagivenepochformthefoundationuponwhichthestateinstitutions,thelegalconceptions,art,andeventheideasonreligion,ofthepeopleconcernedhavebeenevolved,andinthelightofwhichtheymust,therefore,beexplained,insteadofviceversa,ashadhithertobeenthecase."butthatisnotall.marxalsodiscoveredthespeciallawofmotiongoverningthepresent-daycapitalistmodeofproductionandthebourgeoissocietythatthismodeofproductionhascreated.thediscoveryofsurplusvaluesuddenlythrewlightontheproblem,intryingtosolvewhichallpreviousinvestigations,ofbothbourgeoiseconomistsandsocialistcritics,hadbeengropinginthedark."twosuchdiscoverieswouldbeenoughforonelifetime.happ第1页共5页ythemantowhomitisgrantedtomakeevenonesuchdiscovery.butineverysinglefieldwhichmarxinvestigated--andheinvestigatedverymanyfields,noneofthemsuperficially--ineveryfield,eveninthatofmathematics,hemadeindependentdiscoveries."suchwasthemanofscience.butthiswasnotevenhalftheman.sciencewasformarxahistoricallydynamic,revolutionaryforce.howevergreatthejoywithwhichhewelcomedanewdiscoveryinsometheoreticalsciencewhosepracticalapplicationperhapsitwasasyetquiteimpossibletoenvisage,heexperiencedquiteanotherkindofjoywhenthediscoveryinvolvedimmediaterevolutionarychangesinindustryandinhistoricaldevelopmentingeneral.forexle,hefollowedcloselythedevelopmentofthediscoveriesmadeinthefieldofelectricityandrecentlythoseofmarceldeprez."formarxwasbeforeallelsearevolutionist.hisrealmissioninlifewastocontribute,inonewayoranother,totheoverthrowofcapitalistsocietyandofthestateinstitutionswhichithadbroughtintobeing,tocontributetotheliberationofthemodernproletariat,whichhewasthefirsttomakeconsciousofitsownpositionanditsneeds,consciousoftheconditionsofitsemancipation.fightingwashiselement.andhefoughtwithapassion,atenacityandasuccesssuchasfewcouldrival.hisworkonthefirstrheinischezeitung(1842),theparisvorw。rts。(1844),br。sselerdeutschezeitung(1847),theneuerheinischezeitung(1848-49),thenewyorktribune(1852-61),andinadditiontotheseahostofmilitantphlets,workinorganisationsinparis,brusselsandlondon,andfinally,crowningall,theformationofthegreatinternationalworkingmen'sassociation--thiswasindeedanachievementofwhichitsfoundermightwellhavebeenproudevenifhehaddonenothingelse.第2页共5页"and,consequently,marxwasthebest-hatedandmostcalumniatedmanofhistime.governments,bothabsolutistandrepublican,deportedhimfromtheirterritories.bourgeois,whetherconservativeorultra-democratic...