书小麦根系分泌物对黄瓜生长及土壤真菌群落结构的影响*吴凤芝**李敏曹鹏马亚飞王丽丽(东北农业大学园艺学院,哈尔滨150030)摘要以黄瓜为受体,以不同化感效应(促进/抑制)小麦品种为供体,采用PCR-DGGE技术,研究了小麦根系分泌物及伴生小麦对黄瓜生长及土壤真菌群落结构的影响.结果表明:在处理第6天和第12天,化感促进效应小麦根系分泌物分别显著提高了黄瓜幼苗株高和茎粗;在处理第18天,化感促进和抑制效应小麦根系分泌物均显著提高了黄瓜幼苗株高;在处理第6天,不同化感效应小麦根系分泌物均显著降低了黄瓜幼苗根际土壤真菌群落条带数、Shannon指数及均匀度指数,有苗对照(W)显著高于无苗对照(Wn);在处理第18天,各处理的真菌群落结构条带数、Shannon指数及均匀度指数均显著高于无苗对照(Wn).伴生化感抑制效应小麦显著降低了黄瓜根际土壤真菌群落Shannon指数和均匀度指数,说明小麦根系分泌物及伴生小麦改变了土壤真菌群落结构.DGGE图谱及其主成分分析结果表明,伴生不同化感效应小麦对土壤真菌群落结构影响较大.关键词小麦根系分泌物黄瓜伴生真菌群落结构文章编号1001-9332(2014)10-2861-07中图分类号Q5文献标识码AEffectsofwheatrootexudatesoncucumbergrowthandsoilfungalcommunitystructure.WUFeng-zhi,LIMin,CAOPeng,MAYa-fei,WANGLi-li(CollegeofHorticulture,NortheastAgricul-turalUniversity,Harbin150030,China).-Chin.J.Appl.Ecol.,2014,25(10):2861-2867.Abstract:Withwheatasthedonorplantandcucumberasthereceptorplant,thisstudyinvestiga-tedtheeffectsofrootexudatesfromwheatcultivarswithdifferentallelopathicpotentials(positiveornegative)andcompanioncroppingwithwheatonsoilfungalcommunitystructurebyPCR-DGGEmethodandcucumbergrowth.Resultsshowedthatthewheatrootexudateswithpositiveallelopathicpotentialincreasedheightandstemdiameterofcucumberseedlingssignificantly,comparedtothecontrolseedlings(W)after6daysand12daystreatment,respectively.Also,wheatrootexudateswithbothpositiveandnegativeallelopathicpotentialincreasedtheseedlingheightofcucumbersig-nificantlyafter18daystreatment.Thewheatrootexudateswithdifferentallelopathicpotentialsde-creasedthebandnumber,Shannonandevennessindicesofsoilfungalcommunitysignificantlyincucumberseedlingrhizosphere,andthoseinthesoilwiththecontrolseedlings(W)werealsosig-nificantlyhigherthanthatinthecontrolsoilwithoutseedlings(Wn)after6daystreatment.Thebandnumber,Shannonandevennessindicesinallthetreatmentsweresignificantlyhigherthanthoseinthecontrolsoilwithoutseedlings(Wn)after18daystreatment.CompanioncroppingwithnegativeallelopathicpotentialwheatdecreasedtheShannonandevennessindicesofsoilfungicom-munitysignificantlyinthecucumberseedlingrhizosphere,suggestingthewheatrootexudatesandcompanioncroppingwithwheatchangedsoilfungalcommunitystructureinthecucumberseedlingrhizosphere.TheresultsofDGGEmapandtheprincipalcomponentanalysisshowedthatcompanioncroppingwithwheatcultivarswithdifferentallelopathicpotentialschangedsoilfungalcommunitystructureincucumberseedlingrhizosphere.Keywords:wheat;rootexudate;cucumber;companioncropping;fungalcommunitystructure.*国家自然科学基金项目(30971998)、黑龙江省教育厅项目(12541032)和大宗蔬菜产业技术体系专项(CARS-25-08)资助.**通讯作者.E-mail:fzwu2006@aliyun.com2013-12-16收稿,2014-07-27接受.应用生态学报2014年10月第25卷第10期ChineseJournalofAppliedEcology,Oct.2014,25(10):2861-2867DOI:10.13287/j.1001-9332.2014.0156植物的化感作用是自然界中普遍存在的一种化学生态学现象,是一种活体植物(供体)产生并以挥发、淋溶、分泌和分解等方式向环境释放次生代谢物质,而对周围的植物产生有益和有害的...