海安县实验中学2012-2013届语法复习之非谓语动词高三非谓语动词复习(学生版)一、概述基本形式的变化:不定式:时态主动态被动态一般式进行式完成式例1:Johnsaidthathehadruninorderto_______(catch)thebus.例2:Hehatedto___________________(misunderstand)byothers.例3:Hepretendedto______________(listen)attentively.例4:Heintendedto___________(tell)youthatbuthewastoobusyyesterday.例5:Thisworkofartseemedto_________(create)severalcenturiesago.V-ing形式:时态主动态被动态一般式完成式不及物动词没有被动式动名词例1:Iamsureofhis__________(come)intime.例2:__________(Careless)isnotagoodhabit.例3:Heisproudof___________(select)asmonitor.例4:Idon’tremember_________(meet)himbefore..例5:Hecomplainedof____________(cheat)byothers.现在分词例1:Hesatinachair,___________(read)anovel.例2:Thecar__________(repair)nowbelongstomyuncle.例3:Themanager,_____________(make)itcleartousthathedidn’tagreewithus,leftthemeetingroom.例4:____________(use)fortwoyears,thacarneedsrepairing.2、所做成分项目/成分主语表语宾语宾补定语状语动词的ing形式动名词现在分词过去分词不定式二、基本知识(一)动词不定式在句中充当的成分(1)作主语。例如:Toseeonceisbetterthantohearahundredtimes.______________赚钱不是我们生活的唯一目的第1页共20页海安县实验中学2012-2013届语法复习之非谓语动词在很多情况下,常用it来充当动词不定式的形式主语。例如:对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。(2)作动词的宾语,常用在以下动词后:help,hope,ask,refuse,decide,promise,wish,pretend,expect,arrange,learn,plan,demand,dare,manage,agree,prepare,fail,determine,offer,choose,desire,elect,long,happen,seem例如:_____________________他成功地通过了考试。_____________________他答应9点钟到这儿。_____________________我没有料到在这儿见到你。在某些复合宾语中,常it做形式宾语,而把不定式放到后面去。例如:_____________________他认为最好现在就离开。___________________我发现准时完成这项工作是不可能的。(3)作定语(常置于名词之后)。由only,last,next序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语;不定式还可用作名词代词的的宾语(ability,anything,attempt,chance,curiosity,desire,decision,determination,effort,failure,intention,need,nothing,opportunity,place,plan,promise,reason,right,something)例如:Sheisalwaysthefirststudenttoarriveatschool._____________________他总是最后一个离开办公室。_____________________我想他不是做这项工作的最佳人选。Ihavenodesiretotravel.You’llfindsomethingtointerestyouhere.注:动词不定式to后所接动词若是不及物动词,而不定式与其修饰的动词之间有动宾关系,这个不定式后就应有必要的介词。例如:Ihaven’tdecidedwhichhoteltostayat.Ifoundnoonetoplaywith.(4)作状语例如:Iwalkedslowlyontheiceinorder_.(不至于跌倒)(表目的)Theyliftedarockonlytodropitontheirownfeet.(表结果)Hetried_____________________结果没有成功Shewashappytohearthenews.(表原因)不定式常用于修饰下列形容词:able,afraid,angry,anxious,apt,careful,careless,certain,clever,considerate,delighted,difficult,eager,easy,fit,frightened,happy,interesting,likely,lucky,quick,ready,reluctant,right,sorry,surprised,sure,thoughtful,thoughtless,unable,unwilling,wrongetc.例如:_____________________法语难学。I’msorrytointerruptyou,butIhaveto.(5)作独立副词成分。例如:Tospeakfrankly,Idon’tlikeyourattitude.(6)与疑问词连用。疑问代词who,what,which和疑问副词when,where,how等后加动词不定式,构成不定式短语,可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。例如:什么时候出发还没有定。问题是怎样才能及时到达哪儿。注:在有些动词后常用疑问词...