大多数形容词和副词有三个等级:原级、比较级、最高级。一、构成1.构成的不规则变化:eg.good/well–better–bestbad/badly–worse–worstmany/much–more–mostlittle–less–leastfar–farther/further–farthest/furthest形容词和副词的比较级和最高级2.构成的规则变化:1)单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词尾后加-er或-est.如:cold–colder–coldestnice—nicer–nicest2)重读闭音节词末尾只有一个辅音字母时,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-er或-est。如:big–bigger–biggestthin–thinner–thinnest3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词先改y为i,再加-er或-est。如:easy–easier–easiesthappy–happier–happiest4)多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加more或most。如:delicious–moredelicious–mostdeliciousinteresting–moreinteresting–mostinterestingReadinpairsnew—newerbig—biggerthin—thinnerlarge—largernice—nicereasy—easierheavy—heaviergood—betterbad—worsesmart—smarterwild—wilderfunny—funniertall—tallermany—moremuch—morewell—betterlong—longershort—shortersmall—smaller参见课本P113-115形容词的比较级和最高级•talllongcoldfastthick•smallstronghardnewshort•widefinelate•fatbigthinred•happyearlyeasyheavy•beautifulexcitinginteresting•populardifficultusefulimportant•goodfarillmuchbadmanywellLiuXiangistall.PanChangjiangisshort.LiuXiangistallerthanPanChangjiang.PanChangjiangisshorterthanLiuXiangthan比(conj.连词).两者之间比较,用形容词比较级两者之间比较,用形容词比较级Theredboxisbig.Thegreenboxissmall.Theredboxisbiggerthanisbiggerthanthegreenbox.Thegreenboxissmallerthanissmallerthantheredbox.Thepurplerulerislong.Thebluerulerisshort.Thepurplerulerislongerthantheblueruler.Thebluerulerisshorterthanthepurpleruler.LinXinruisthin.LiuYifeiisthinner.LiuYifeiisthinnerthanLinXinru.45kg48kgLiYongismoreoutgoingthanChenglong.ChengLongisoutgoing.LiYongismoreoutgoing.二、用法1.比较级表示两者(人或事物)的比较。eg.IamtallerthanTom.Mydressismorebeautifulthanhers.2.最高级表示三者或三者以上(人或事物)的比较,其中有一个在某一方面超过其他几个时,用最高级。最高级的前面一般要加定冠词the,后面可带of(in)短语来说明比较的范围。如:Sheistheyoungestintheclass.Jasonisthetallestofthethree.3、“the+比较级,the+比较级”越……越….Theharderheworks,thebetterhestudies.他学习越努力,学习越好Theoldersheis,thequietersheis.她年龄越大,越文静。4、the+比较级+ofthetwo/twins两者之中较……的那一个。Heistheolderofthetwobrothers.他是弟兄俩中年龄较大的那一个。5.“比较级+and+比较级”意为“越来越……”。多音节比较级用“moreandmore+形容词原级”形式。如:It’sgettingworseandworse.Thegroupbecamemoreandmorepopular.6.“Which/Whois+比较级…?”比较A、B两事物,问其中哪一个较/更……时用此句型。如:WhichT-shirtisnicer,thisoneorthatone?Whoismoreactive,MaryorKate?Whichoneismorepopularamongstudents,goingtoconcertsorgoingtomovies?•7、两个人或物比较时,如果只说明两者相同,则可使用as...as...句型,只说明两者不同,则用notas(so)...as...句型,这里形容词仍使用原级,如:•Mr.GreenisasoldasMr.Brown.•格林先生和布朗先生年龄一样大.•Mr.Greenisnotas(so)oldasMr.Brown.•格林先生和布朗先生的年龄不一样大.8.8.使用形容词比较级时需注意以下几点:使用形容词比较级时需注意以下几点:1)比较的对象要一致。than后面接代词时,一般要用主格形式,但在口语中也可使用宾格。如:MybrotheristallerthanI/me.2)当需要表示一方超过另一方的程度时,可以用much,alot,alittle,abit,even,still等来修饰形容词比较级。注意:比较级不能用very,so,too,quite等修饰。如:HeismuchmoreseriousthanSam.3)形容词比较级后面往往用连词than连接另一个比较的人或事物,但在上下文明确的情况下,形容词比较级可单独使用。如:Mysisteristall,butmyauntistaller.我姐姐个子高,但我姑姑个子更高。用形容词的适当形式填空用形容词的适当形式填空1.Samhas______(long)hairthanTom.2.Tomis______(calm)thanSam.3.Tinais______(tall)and_____(wild)thanTara.4.Paulis______(short)and______(heavy)thanPedro.5.I’m_______(funny)thanTara.6.Tarais____________(serious)thanTina.longerwildertallerfunniershorterheaviercalmermoreserious用形容词的适当形式填空用形容词的适当形式填空7.DuJiahaois_______________(athletic)thanothersinClass19.8.MrChengis____________(outgoing)thanMissQu.moreathleticmoreouting