动词不定式用法动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”,有时可以不带to。动词不定式(或不定式短语)没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍保留动词的特点,即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,因此在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。1.作主语作主语用的动词不定式常常用it替代,动词不定式(或短语)放在后面。例如:It'seasytogetlostinabigcitylikeTokyo.在东京这样的大城市容易迷路。Itisterribletoseetheshipsinkingintothesea.目睹轮船沉入大海,真是太可怕了。2.作宾语Indiansliketoeathotfood.印度人喜欢吃辣味食品。Theyneedtolookatamap.他们需要查看地图。有的动词不定式在作带有补足语的宾语时,前面往往带有形式宾语it。例如:Doyouthinkitnecessaryforustolearntowait?你认为学会等待对我们来说很必要吗?Theyimprovedthesoftwaretomakeiteasierforpeopletousecomputers.他们改进了软件,使人们使用计算机更简便了。3.作表语Itseemstobeaninterestingbook.它看起来是本有趣的书。Theoldman'sjobistotakecareoftheflowersinthegarden.这位老人的工作是照料花园里的花。4.作宾语补足语Hetoldmenottobringyouanything.他叫我不要给你带任何东西。Whotaughtyoutoplaythemusic?谁教你弹这支曲子的?5.作定语动词不定式作定语时,要放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。例如:InmydreamsIalwayshaveverydifficultjobstodo.我在梦里总是做一些艰难的工作。Everydayhemadeoneofthesmalleranimalsbringhimsomethingtoeat.他每天叫一个小动物给他带来吃的东西。6.作状语(1)表示目的Youcanhideundermyseatwhentheconductorcomestocheckthetickets.当列车员来查票时,你可以藏在我的座位下面。Inhisthirdyear,heleftHarvardtoworkforacompanycalledMicrosoft.在三年级时,他为了去微软公司工作而离开了哈佛大学。(2)表示结果动词不定式作状语表示结果时常与副词too或enough连用。例如:It'stooheavytocarry.太重了搬不动。TheCalifornianshiparrivedtoolatetosavemorepeople.加利福尼亚号来得太晚,没能挽救更多的人。7.和某些形容词连用和动词不定式经常连用的形容词有sure,ready,happy,sorry,afraid等。例如:He'sveryhappytoseehiswife.他见到妻子非常高兴。I'msorrytotroubleyou.很抱歉打扰你了。8.和疑问词who,what,when,where,which,how构成不定式短语作宾语。例如:Idon'tknowhowtouseacomputer.我不知道怎样使用计算机。Canyoutellmewhentostart?你能告诉我什么时候出发吗1.Don’tforget_________theletter.A.tosendB.sendC.sendingD.beingsent2.Thechairlooksveryold,butinfactitisverycomfortableto_________.A.sitB.sitonC.besatD.besaton3.Is______necessarytoreturnthebooktomorrow?A.thisB.thatC.itD.which4.I’mafraidtheywouldnotallowhim________here.A.tosmokeB.smokingC.smokesD.smoke5.Mothertoldme________thewaterbeforeIdrankit.A.boilingB.boiledC.boilD.toboil6.Onmywayhome,Istopped_______somefood.A.buyB.tobuyC.buyingD.bought7.Johnwasmade_______thecarforaweekasapunishment.A.towashB.washingC.washD.tobewashing8.Thesitting-roomneeds_______,butit’llhavetowaituntilSaturday.A.becleaningB.tobecleanedC.cleanD.beingcleaned9.ThefirstthingIwanttodois__________.A.visittohimB.tovisithimC.visitinghimD.visitedhim10.LiYangadvisedme_________toomuch,otherwiseIwouldhavebeendrunk.A.nottodrinkB.todrinkC.notdrinkingD.drinking参考答案1.A.forgettodosth.忘记去做某事。forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事。2.B.sitonthechair,其中on不能少。3.C.it为形式主语。4.A.allowsbtodo5.D.tellsb,todo6.B.stoptodo停下去做另一件事。stopdoing停止做某事。7.A.makesbdo在被动语态中为bemadetodo.8.B.needtobedone与needdoing皆为“需要被做”之意。9.B.不定式结构作表语。10....