斯特林发动机斯特林发动机是一种闭循环活塞式热机,闭循环的意思是工作燃气一直保存在气缸内,而开循环则如内燃机和一些蒸气机需要与大气交换气体。斯特林发动机一般被归为外燃机。切图以外的菱形驱动器测试配置斯特林发动机的设计：*粉红-热筒壁*深灰色-冷筒壁（与冷却进排气管在黄色）*暗绿色-热绝缘分开的两个汽缸结束*浅绿色-置换活塞*深蓝色-功率活塞*淡蓝色-曲柄连杆和飞轮没有表明：热源和热汇。在此设计了置换活塞构造没有专门建造的再生。介绍斯特林发动机在热机中的效率目前是最高的，有时可以达到80%。Intheconversionofheatintomechanicalwork,theStirlingenginehasthepotentialtoachievethehighestefficiencyofanyheatengine.ItcantheoreticallyperformuptothefullCarnotefficiency,althoughnotyetinpractice.Thepracticallimitationsincludethenon-idealpropertiesoftheworkinggas,andmaterialpropertiessuchasfriction,thermalconductivity,tensilestrength,creep,rupturestrength,andmeltingpoint.TheStirlingenginecanrunonanyheatsource,includingchemical,solar,geothermalandnuclear.TherearemanypossibleimplementationsoftheStirlingengine.Mostfallintothecategoryofreciprocatingpistonengine.Incontrasttointernalcombustionengines,Stirlingengineshavethepotentialtouserenewableheatsourcesmoreeasily,tobequieter,andtobemorereliablewithlowermaintenance.Theyarepreferredforapplicationsthatvaluetheseuniqueadvantages,particularlyifthethecostperunitenergygenerated($/kWh)ismoreimportantthanthecapitalcostperunitpower($/kW).Onthisbasis,Stirlingenginesarecostcompetitiveuptoabout100kW.[3]Comparedtoaninternalcombustionengineofthesamepowerrating,Stirlingenginescurrentlyhaveahighercapitalcostandareusuallylargerandheavier.Theirlowermaintenancerequirementsmaketheoverallenergycostcomparable.Thethermalefficiencyisalsocomparable(forsmallengines),rangingfrom15%-30%.[3]Forapplicationssuchasmicro-CHP,aStirlingengineisoftenpreferabletoaninternalcombustionengine.Otherapplicationsincludewaterpumping,space-basedastronautics,andelectricalgenerationfromplentifulenergysourcesthatareincompatiblewiththeinternalcombustionengine,suchassolarenergy,andbiomasssuchasagriculturalwasteandotherwastesuchasdomesticrefuse.StirlingshavealsobeenusedasamarineengineinSwedishGotlandclasssubmarines.[4]HoweverStirlingsaregenerallynotprice-competitiveasanautomobileengine,duetohighcostperunitpower,lowpowerdensityandhighmaterialcosts.Inrecentyears,theadvantagesofStirlingengineshavebecomeincreasinglysignificant,giventheriseinliquidfuelpricesandconcernssuchaspeakoilandclimatechange.Stirlingenginesaddresstheseissuesbybeingverycompatiblewithallrenewableenergyandfuelsources.ThesegrowinginterestsinStirlingtechnologyhavefosteredtheongoingresearchanddevelopmentofStirlingdevices,andR&Dbreakthroughshaveinturnincreasedinterestinthetechnology.Ifsuppliedwithmechanicalpower,Stirlingscanfunctioninreverseasaheatpumpforheatingorcooling.ExperimentshavebeenperformedusingwindpowerdrivingaStirlingcycleheatpumpfordomesticheatingandairconditioning.Inthelate1930s,thePhilipsCorporationoftheNetherlandssuccessfullyutilizedtheStirlingcycleincryogenicapplications.[5]Basicanalysisisbasedontheclosed-formSchmidtanalysis{google翻译:}斯特林发动机是一个封闭的循环蓄热式发动机，气体工质。“封闭循环”是指工作流体内永久的发动机。工作流体是气体推动活塞上。这种外部热发动机可以驱动任何热源。“再生”是指利用一个内部换热器称为'再生'这增加了发动机的热效率相比，类似的，但简单的热空气引擎。斯特林循环的值得注意的是，其完善的理论效率;然而这还没...
