独立主格结构区别于分词作状语分词做状语特点:•现在分词作状语,表主动的动作,或表动作正在进行•过去分词作状语,表被动的动作,或表动作已经完成。1Whentheyhearthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoyHearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.2Whenitisseenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.Seenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.3Thechildrenranoutoftheroom.Theylaughedandtalkedmerrily.Thechildrenranoutoftheroom,laughingandtalkinglaughingandtalkingmerrilymerrily.特点:主语一致分词作状语独立主格结构Weatherpermitting,we’llgosightseeinginGaopo.Allthingsconsidered,herpaperisofgreatervaluethanyours.结构特点:两个不同的主语独立主格结构的形式:名词或代词+分词(doing\done)名词或代词+不定式名词或代词+形容词\副词名词或代词+介词短语名词或代词+名词Therebeing+名词(代词)Itbeing+名词(代词)分词独立结构由“名词+being…”构成时,being常省略。名词或代词+分词(doing\done)1)天气允许的话,我们去高坡观光吧。Weatherpermitting(Ifweatherpermits),we’llgosightseeinginGaopo.2)综合来看,他的论文比你的更有价值。Allthingsconsidered(Ifallthingsareconsidered),herpaperisofgreatervaluethanyours.Helayonhisback,histeethset,hisrighthandclenchedonhisbreastandhisglaringeyeslookingstraightupward.3)他仰面躺着,牙关紧闭,双手紧握在胸前,两眼朝上直直地怒视着。名词或代词+不定式1)明天要考试,我今晚就不去看电影了吧。Theexamtobeheldtomorrow,Icouldn’tgotothecinematonight.Theysaidgood-byetoeachother,onetogohome,theothertogotothebookstore.2)她俩道了别,一个要回家,另一个要去书店。Manytrees,flowers,andgrasstobeplanted,ourschoolwilllookevenmorebeautiful.3)种下大量的花草树木后,学校看起来会更漂亮。不定式在独立主格结构中多表示将来的行为,表示“企图”“约定”等,指的是按计划安排要做的事。名词/主格代词+形容词1)这么多人缺席,会议不得不取消。Somanypeople(being)absent,themeetinghadtobecalledoff.2)那架飞机遭遇了空难,无一人生还。Anairaccidenthappenedtotheplane,nobody(being)alive.3)会议一结束,他们就都回家了。Themeeting(being)over,theyallwenthome.名词/主格代词+介词短语1)孩子们手里拿着花向我们跑过来Thechildrencamerunningtowardsus,flowersinhands.2)玛丽靠近火炉坐着,背对着门。Marywassittingnearthefire,herbacktowardsthedoor.表示存在时用“Therebeing+名词(代词)”的结构1).Therebeingnobuses,theywalkedtothetheatre2).Therebeingnocauseforfear,hereturnedtohishometown.Itbeing+名词(代词)由于圣诞节的缘故,政府机关都休息。ItbeingChristmas,thegovernmentofficeswereclosed.由于今天是假日,所有商店都关门了。Itbeingholiday,alltheshopswereshut.Suchbeing+名词(代词)Suchbeingthecase,shehasnothingtosay.Suchbeingthefact,shehadtoadmithismistake.区别于介词with/without复合结构doing(表示动作的主动和进行)done(表示动作的被动和完成)With/without+名词/宾格代词+todo(表示将来)adj/adv(表示状态或特征)介词短语(表示状态或特征)该结构作状语可以表示时间、原因、方式、伴随状况等含义;有时候也可以作定语。①Withtheboyleadingtheway,wearesurewe’llbethereontime.有男孩带路,我们有把握会准时到那儿。(表示原因)②Theclassroomisverybightwithallthelightsturnedon.所有的灯都打开,教室里非常明亮。(表示时间)③Ican’tgoout,withalotofworktodo.我不能出去,因为有很多工作要做。(表示原因)④Don’ttalkwithyourmouthfull.不要嘴里含着东西谈话。(表示方式)⑤Withthelightoff,wecan’tseeanything.灯灭了,我们什么也看不见。(表示原因)⑥Hefoughtthetigerwithoutastickashisonlyweapon.他与老虎搏斗,没有一根棍子作为武器。(表示方式)⑦Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,withabookinhishand...