英语句子结构•基本成分•附属成分•独立成分•省略成分•连接成分•简单句•并列句•复合句•主语＋系动词＋表(S+LV+predicative)•主语＋不及物动词（S+Vi）•主语＋及物动词＋宾语(S+Vt+O)•主语＋动词+间宾+直宾(S+Vt+O.indir+O.dir)•主语＋动词＋宾语＋补语(S+Vt.+O+O.compl)简单句的五种基本句型主语、动词（不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词、宾补动词)、宾语及补语可以称为基本句子成分。完整的句子一般至少包含2个基本成分，至多4个基本成分。主语谓语宾语宾语宾补表语宾语(间)宾语(直)Vt（及物动词）系动词Vi（不及物动词）be/feel/seem/lookappear/stand/liebecome/get/grow/turngo/come/remain/keeptaste/smelletc.1、主语＋系动词＋表语（主语补语）Sheishappy．2、主语＋不及物动词Shecame．/Myheadaches.3、主语＋及物动词＋宾语ShelikesEnglish.4、主语＋动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语SheboughtJohnabook．/SheboughtabookforJohn.5、主语＋动词＋宾语＋补语Shemakeshermotherangry．Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.简单句基本句型实例㈠主语（subject）句子的主体，全句述说的对象,一般常置于句首。•Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.•Shewentoutinahurry.•Fourplusfouriseight.•Toseeistobelieve.•Smokingisbadforhealth.•Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.•Whathehassaidistrue.（名词）（代词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（名词化的形容词）（句子）找出句中主语Thesunrisesintheeast.Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.Helikesdancing.Whatheneedsisabook.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（名词）（代词）（数词）（动名词）（不定式）（句子）(名词化的形容词）（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）㈡谓语说明主语的动作、状态，常置于主语后•简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成•Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?•Helookedaftertwoorphans.•复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词+动词构成;•HecanspeakEnglishwell.•Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancing•MyfatheriswatchingTVShowyourpassport,please.Shedidn'tsayanything.Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.Theydecidedtoleavenow.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（名词）(代词）(数词)(名词化的形容词)(三)宾语动作的对象或承受者，常置于及物动词或介词后（不定式）（动名词）（句子）•宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.•Hegavemesomebooks.↓间接宾语↓直接宾语●pleasepassmethebook.●Heboughthisgirlfriendsomeflowers.（四）表语表述主语的特征、身份、状态等，置于系动词后1.Myfatherisaboss.2.Thisbookismine.3.Timeisprecious.4.I’llbetwentynextyear.5.Thewarwasover.6.Idon’tfeelatease.(形容词)(代词)(名词)(数词)(副词)(介词短语)7.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.8.Hismainhobbyissmoking.9.Thisstoryisveryinteresting.10.Nevertouchanelectricwirewhenitisbroken.11.Isthatwhyyouwereangry?(不定式)(现在分词/形容词)(动名词/名词)(过去分词/形容词)(从句)注：除了be系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词1)表感官的动词:2)表转变变化的动词:3)表延续的动词feel,smell,taste,sound,look,appear,seem等。become,get,grow,turn,go,等remain,keep,hold,stay,rest等。Therebe结构1、定义：Therebe句型表示某处存在某物或某人。2、结构：(1)Thereis+单数可数名词/不可数名词+地点状语.(2)Thereare+复数名词+地点状语.注意事项：there是引导词，在句中不充当任何成分，翻译时也不必译出。句子的主语是某人或某物，谓语动词be要与主语（某人或某物）的数保持一致。当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时，谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致。如：①Thereisabirdinthetree.树上有一只鸟。②Thereisateacherandmanystudentsinourclassroom.我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。③Therearetwoboysandagirlunderthetree.树下有两个男孩，一个...
