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abutment桥墩accessory辅助设备admixture掺合剂aggregate骨料alignment定线anchorage固定支座aqueduct沟渠asphalt沥青backfill回填barrier挡板basement基础bench阶地bituminous含沥青的blast爆破boring钻探budget预算bulldozer推土机cable钢索capillarity毛细管现象catchbasin截水沟compact压实compressedair压缩空气compressibility压缩系数computer-aided计算机辅助cofferdam沉箱corridor走廊cross-section断面cut-and-cover随挖随填cylindricalshield圆形盾构discontinuity不整合drainagesystem排水系统dredge挖掘driveshaft主动轴durability耐久性earthquake-resistant抗地震的elasticmodulus弹性模量elasticity弹性力学excavate挖掘execution施工expressway高速公路fiber-reinforcedconcrete纤维增强混凝土fiberglass玻璃丝flange翼缘footing基础geotechnical岩土工程的girder桁架gradation级配guardrail栏杆grout水泥浆habitation住宅headroom净空heterogeneity不均匀性hyperbolicparaboloid双曲抛物面inclination倾角infrastructure基础设施infiltrate渗透intermediatepier中间桥墩jack千斤顶jumbo隧道盾构lock水闸matfoundation板式基础metropolitan大城市muck软泥municipal市政的neutralaxis中和轴outlet排水口pedestrian行人pinjoint铰接pilottunnel（隧道）导洞plainconcrete素混凝土plotter绘图机plotting测绘pneumatic-tiredroller汽胎压路机porous疏松的precipitation降水量preliminarydesign初步设计ramp斜坡reaction反力runoff雨量rupture破裂shaft竖井silo竖井slabfoundation平板基础slant倾斜slate板岩slipform滑动模板staticallyindeterminatestructure超静定结构stiffness劲度strata地层subcontractors转包合同subsoil天然地基subside沉降sump水坑sunken-tubetunnel沉管隧道supervise监督survey测量suspensionbridge悬索桥swell膨胀tamp夯实tensilestrength抗拉强度terrace阶地timber木料topography地形tremor震动underclearance桥下净空valley河谷weather受侵蚀yieldstrength屈服强度句子：Thesizesoffootingaredeterminedbydividingtheloadstobeimposedatthebaseofthefootingbytheallowablebearingpressurewhichcanbeimposedonthesoilorrockoftheearth基础的尺寸是由可能施加在基础底部的荷载除以地基和岩石能够承当的容许支承压力来确定的。Retainingwallsarethosewallssubjecttohorizontalearthpressuresduetotheretentionofearthbehindthem挡土墙是指那些因墙后有土而承受水平土压力的墙Matorraftfoundationsarelarge,thick,andusuallyheavilyreinforcedconcretematswhichtransferloadsfromanumberofcolumnsorcolumnsandwallstotheunderlyingsoilorrock板式基础或浮筏基础通常是指把荷载从柱子或者柱子和墙传到地基土或岩石的面积、厚土、重量都很大的钢筋混凝土底板Wellpoints,pumpingfromdeepwells,orpumpingfromsumpsaremethodsusedtodewaterconstructionsitesduringfoundationinstallation从深井中抽水或从集水井中抽水的井点是在基础施工期间用于施工现场排水的方法。Ifdewateringoperationsareperformedinanareasurroundedbyexisingstructures,precautionsmustbetakentoprotectthem,astheloweringofthegroundwatermaycausethesoilonwhichtheyaresupporedtosubside如果排水作业在有现存建筑物包围的场地进行，就必须采取预防措施来保护这些建筑物，因为降低地下水可能会引起支承这些建筑物的下沉。Compressibilityisanimportantsoilcharacteristicbecauseofthepossibilityofcompactingthesoilbyrolling,tamping,vibratin,orothermeans,thusincreasingitsdensityandload-bearingstrength因为可以通过碾压、夯实、捣鼓或其它方法压实土以增加其密实和提高其承载强度，所以可压缩性是土的一个重要特性Shockwavesalsoareutilizedtodeterminethedepthofbedrockbymeasuringthetimerequiredfortheshockwavetotraveltothebedrockandreturntothesurfaceasareflectedwave通过测定震动波传到基岩和作为反射波回到地面所需的时间，可确定基岩的深度Shieldcanbest...