语法复习专题之InterpretationofNon-predicateVerbsClass18Senior3ByZhongBinghong非谓语动词在语法填空中,每年必考，且每年一个小题。尽管到目前为止,虽然只涉及到非谓语动词作状语、作表语和作宾补三种用法,但复习时,非谓语动词作定语、作主语和作宾语也不可忽视。非谓语动词就是在句中不充当谓语的动词，有动词不定式、动词-ing形式和动词过去分词等。熟读深思指出下列句中不定式所充当的句子成分,并注意常用的不定式有哪几种形式。1.Heseemedtobesleeping(sleep).2.Thereareallkindsofdifficultiestobeovercome(overcome).动词不定式(theinfinitive)At定语P表语3.I’dliketomake(make)asuggestion.4.Itisofgreatbenefitforallofustodo(do)morningexerciseeveryday.5.Hefeelsitadutytohelp(help)thedisabled.O真正宾语O宾语S真正主语6.Ioftenhearhersing(sing)inEnglish.(比较：Sheisoftenheardtosing(sing)inEnglish.)7.Maryoftengoesbacktoherhometowntovisit(visit)hergrandparents.Ad状语OC宾补SC主补8.I’msogladtosee(see)youhere.9.Jackwastoobusytohave(have)hishaircut.Ad状语Ad状语归纳总结1.动词不定式属于非谓语动词,在句子中可以充当除谓语外的其他各个句子成分；2.动词不定式通常有以下几种形式(以do为例)：主动式被动式一般式todo⑴___________完成式⑵___________tohavebeendone进行式⑶___________tobedoingtobedonetohavedone充当句子成分表语状语定语宾补逻辑主语句子的主语所修饰的词宾语非谓语动词的逻辑主语(意思上的主语)3.在shouldlike，wouldlike，expect,want,refuse，decide，pretend，promise，decide,offer等后不能用动名词作宾语，只能用不定式作宾语。4.在make,let,have等使役动词或者hear,see,watch等感观动词后作宾补的不定式常省略to;但在这些词的被动式后作主补时,要加上to。5.如果动词不定式的逻辑主语为这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般用被动语态形式。6.在形容词后作状语只能用不定式,且用主动形式表示被动含义。如：Thistextiseasytounderstand.7.不定式做定语时的几种用法：⑴表将来。Thebuildingtobebuiltnextmonthwillbeourlibrary.⑵序数词或最高级等后常用不定式作定语。ShewasthefirstwomantowintheNobelPrize.Maryisthebestpersontodothejob.⑶常用来修饰chance，idea，ability，way，reason，time，fact，key，ambition等抽象名词。LastyearIhadachancetogoabroadforfurtherstudy.⑷动词不定式做主语和宾语时通常放在句子的后面,用it作形式主语或形式宾语。熟读深思熟读以下各句,注意划线部分及其作用：动词-ing形式1.Learning(learn)isimportanttomodernlife.2.Theproblemisquitepuzzling(puzzle).3.Isuggestdoing(do)itinadifferentway.S主语P表语O宾语4.TheTVsetneedsrepairing(repair).5.Iheardofhishavingbeenchosen(choose)tobecoachoftheteam.6.Thequestionbeingdiscussed(discuss)nowisveryimportant.O宾语O宾语At定语7.Theywentoutoftheclassroom,talking(talk)andlaughing(laugh).8.Havingbeenshown(show)aroundthelab,weweretakentoseetheschoollibrary.Ad状语Ad状语9.Ifeltmyheartbeating(beat)violently.10.Hisnotcoming(come)madeeveryonepresentverydisappointed.OC宾补S主语动词-ing形式有以下特征：1.具有动词的特征,有时态和语态的变化,并可带状语、宾语等。当动词-ing与其逻辑主语有动宾关系时,用_____语态(如5,6和8)。归纳总结被动2.动词-ing形式的构成(以do为例)：主动被动发生的时间一般式doingbeingdone与谓语同时发生完成式havingdonehavingbeendone发生在谓语之前3.动词-ing形式具有动词的特征,同时又具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,因此,它在句中可以作主语、___语、___语、___语、_______语和状语。4.否定形式：not+v-ing形式。宾语补足表宾定5.在suggest,keep,allow,finish,enjoy,mind,practice,avoid,admit,advise,consider，imagine,appreciate,escape等后只能接动词-ing形式，不能用不定式作宾语;在forget,remember,regret,mean,try等动词后既可接动词-ing形式,也可接不定式,但意义...
