MC3-管理沟通的相关理论VIP专享VIP免费

Lecture3RelatedTheoryofManagementCommunicationClassicTheoryHumanRelationsTheoryHumanResourcesTheoryClassicApproach（1880-----1920）HistoricalandculturalbackgroundScientificmanagementBureaucraticorganizationHistoricalandCulturalBackgroundIndustrialRevolution-----beginningofmodernorganizationTime：1870sPlace:StartedinEngland,followedbyarapidexpansionofindustrialisminNorthernEuropeandNorthAmericaResult:factorysysteminplaceoflabourworkshop,machineryinplaceofmanuallabour,industrialsocietyinplaceofagriculturalsocietyImpactonOrganizationandManagementCommunicationChangeintherelationshipbetweenpeopleduetochangeofsocialproductionandwayofallocationresultedfromfactorysystemChangeinwayofmanagerialcommunicationduetolabourdivisionandhierarchyScientificManagementPioneer:FredericTaylor(1856-1915)Book:PrinciplesofscientificManagementViewpoint:thebestmanagementisatruescience,restinguponclearlydefinedlaws,rulesandprinciplesBureaucraticOrganizationThewell-knownGermanscholar:MaxWeber(1946)Principles:StructureandfunctionoforganizationMeansofrewardingeffortinorganizationsProtectionsfortheindividualswhodotheworkHumanRelationsApproachTheHawthorneStudiesandMayo’sviewpointBarnard’sviewpointOhioStateUniversity’sstudyofleadertraitsHerzberg’stwo-factortheoryFiedler’scontingencytheorySimon’sdecision-makingmodelTheinstitutionalschoolHistoricalandCulturalBackgroundTime:1929-1940Event:theGreatDepressionWorldWarIIanewwayofunderstandinghumanbehaviourEltonMayobelievedthat:Societyiscomprisedofgroups,notisolatedindividualsIndividualsateswayedbygroupnormsanddonotactaloneinaccordwithself-interestsIndividualdecisionsarenotentirelyrationalbutareinfluencedbyemotionsMajorPointsbyChesterBarnardThefunctionsoftheExecutive（1938）AssertingtheimportanceofcooperationinorganizationsTheroleofmanagementwaslargelycommunicativeandpersuasiveEffectivemanagerscommunicatedinwaysthatencouragedworkerstoidentifywithorganizationOhioStateUniversity’stwo-dimensionedleadertraitsInitiatingstructureActiveinplanning,communicating,scheduling,andorganizingConsiderationShowedconcernforthefeelingsofsubordinates,promotedmutualtrust,andfosteredtwo-waycommunicationAmajorfinding:Traditionalmanagementskills---thatis,thoseassociatedwithinitiatingstructure---wereequallyasimportantasinterpersonalskillsinpromotingproductivityFrederickHerzberg’sTwo-factorTheoryHygienefactor:corporatepolicy,managerialbehaviour,workingcondition,interpersonalrelations,position,safetyandlivingconditionMotivatingfactor:self-actualization,recognitionofworkachievements,challengingwork,workwithhighresponsibilityandworkinfavourofcareerdevelopmentFredFiedler’sContingencyTheoryTask-orientedstyle:whenagroupiseitherveryfavourableorveryunfavourabletowardaleaderInterpersonalstyle:whenagroupissomewhereinthemiddleHerbertSimon’sDecision-makingModelKeyassumption:individualdecisionmakingisonlyintendedtoberationalFindingsandimplicationsformanagementcommunicationIndividualsinorganizationssatisfice,notmaximizeDecisionmakingislimitedthroughdecisionpremises,whichareconstructedlargelythroughcommunicationOrganizationscanexertunobtrusivecontroloveremployeesthroughthecontrolofdecisionpremisesPhilipSelznick’sInstitutionalApproachtoOrganizationKeyassumption:organizationsaredependentontheirsocialenvironmentsfo...