如何写好毕业论文的摘要和关键词（白银电大分校王兴泽辑2008.4）论文的摘要，其作用是对所写论文进行简要概述，包括研究论题、方法、意义以及由此得出的结论。通过阅读摘要，读者可不必浏览全文便把握论文的主旨。内容决定形式，摘要简明扼要的特点决定其用词精炼准确，紧扣论题。一般来说，毕业论文摘要的字数要求在100—200个词左右。尽管摘要的具体内容因所选专业和论题而异，其各组成部分的撰写格式还是有一定的规律可循。（1）主题句（topicsentence）摘要的第一句话往往开门见山，直奔主题，提出研究目的和对象。Thepurposeofthispaperis…Theprimarygoalofthisresearchis…Inthispaper(article),weaimat…Thechiefaimofthepresentworkisto…Thispaperdiscusses(studies,concerns,dealswith)…Thispaperargues(demonstrates)…Thispaperexplores(probesinto,elaborateson,expounds)…Thispapermakesacomparisonof(anoverviewof,ananalysisof)…Inthispaper,theauthorattemptsto(intendsto,proposes,contends,pointsout,argues)…Basedon(Centeringaround)…,thispaperistoreview(provesillustrates)…（2）主体句（supportingsentence）在概述了论题后，接下来要进一步涉及研究方法、实验过程、调查或分析等具体内容来填充骨架。常用的句式如下：Themethodusedinourstudyisknownas…Thetechniquewehaveappliedisreferredtoas…Theprocedurecanbebrieflydescribedas…Theapproachthathasbeenadoptedextensivelyiscalled…Detailedinformationhasbeenacquiredbytheauthorsusing…Theresearchhasrecordedvaluabledatausingthenewlydevelopedmethod.Theunderlyingconceptofthistheoryis…Theunderlyingprincipleofthetheoryisasfollows.Thisisaworkingtheorywhichisbasedontheideathat…Thefundamentalfeaturesofthistheoryareasfollows.Thetheoryischaracterizedby…Theexperiment,consistedofthreesteps,isdescribedin…Wehavecarriedoutseveralexperimentstotestthevalidityof…Recentexperimentsinthisareahavesuggestedthat…Exampleswithactualexperimentdemonstrate…Specialmentionisgivenhereto…（3）结束句（closesentence）从某种意义上说，摘要就相当于一篇微观论文，其结语句的功能也类似本论文的结论1需要阐明结果、说明应用、点明意义或引发反思：Inconclusion,westatethat…Insummingupitmaybestatedthat…Therefore,itcanbeconcludedthat…Theresultsoftheexperimentindicatethat…Thestudieswehaveperformedshowedthat…Theinvestigationcarriedoutby…hasrevealedthat…Allourpreliminaryresultsthrowlightonthenatureof…Thisfruitfulworkgivesexplanationof…Thesefindingsoftheresearchhaveledtheauthortoaconclusionthat…Finally,thepaperreflectsonthecurrentsituationpertainingto…下面看一篇完整的摘要是怎样将上述要点化整为零的：Thisstudyexaminescross-culturalcontrastiverhetoricinargumentativewriting.[主题句]Toachievethispurpose,50ChinesestudentsfromBeijingInstituteofMachineryand30EnglishstudentsfromExeterUniversityinGreatBritainareaskedtowriteanEnglishessayonassignedtopic.Inaddition,ChinesestudentsareaskedtowriteaChineseessayonthesamewritingtask.[主体句]ThedatasuggestionsthatL1ChinesewritingsaresignificantlydifferentfromL1Englishwritingintwoofselectedrhetoricalfeatures,e.g.typesofthediscussedproblemandaffectiveappeal.BothEnglishandChinesestudentsdemonstratesimilarstrategiesintermsoftheorientationlengthandcitation.ChinesestudentstendtodisplaysimilarrhetoricalstrategiesinbothL1andL2writings.[结语句]此外，还需注意的是，摘要一般在初稿完成后再着手撰写。因为它包含的内容较为全面，如果不对论文有一个整体把握，是难以归纳、总结、取其精华的。如果说摘要是整篇论文的缩影，那么关键词就是其提炼出的精华，它们直指中心论题是论文中出现频率最高的词汇，同时也是论文论述的焦点。...
