阅读理解专项复习——词义猜测题高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求:要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料,例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能:1、理解主旨要义;2、理解文中具体信息;3、根据上下文推断生词的词义;4、作出简单判断和理解;5、理解文章的基本结构;6、理解作者的意图和态度。词义理解题常见的提问方式:1.Theauthorusestheword“…”tomean____.2.Theunderlinedword(phrase,term,sentence…)“…”means_____.3.Accordingtothepassage,theword“…”properlymeans_____.4.Theword“…”inparagraph…refersto____.5.By“…”,theauthormeans_____.6.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningto“…”?7.Whatis“…”?8.Theword“…”couldbestbereplacedby_____.9.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…”standsfor?猜测词义的方法1.Definition定义法2.Contrast对比法3.Similarity相似法4.Causeandeffect因果法5.Example例举法6.WordFormation构词法7.Context上下文8.CommonSense普通常识1.Definition定义法:一般通过定义、定语(从句)或同位语(从句)来确定词义。信号词:be,becalled,namely,means,bedefinedas,beidentifiedas,定语从句,括号,引号,破折号,thisis,refertoHisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.2.Contrast对比法:利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词(组)猜测词义。表示对比的词有but、while、however、otherwise等。①.Mostofusagreed,however,Billdissented.②.Sheisusuallypromptforallherclasses,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.A.ontimeB.lateC.slowlyD.quickly3.Similarity相似法:利用同义词、近义词或词组猜测词义。信号词:or,like,as…as,thesameasMotherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Myauntwasanoldwoman,almostasplumpasmother,andmuchshorter.14.CauseandEffect因果法:从原因推测结果,从结果推测原因。信号词:because,since,as,for,dueto,so,therefore,hence,so…that,such…that,thus,asaresultHe’ssuchashrewdbusinessmanthathelosesnomoneyinanytrade.5.Example例举法:利用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有forinstance,forexample,suchas等。Todayyoungcouplesoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyonappliances,forinstance,washingmachines,refrigeratorsandcolortelevisions.6.WordFormation构词法:英语单词大多是由词根、词头(前缀)和词尾(后缀)所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分,表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀,可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义,那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有:super-mini-micro-re-mis-im-un-in-non--able-less-wardsCanyouguesstherightmeanings?supermanmicrowavenonnaturalmispronoucehomelessnonsmokerrebuildeastwards7.上下文:利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义MrZhangoftenappearsinpublic.Butheisnotfamous—heisnotinthepubliceyeWhatdoes“inthepubliceye”mean?A.公众熟悉的,出名的B.在群众的眼里C.公开的D.令人眼热的8.Commonsense普通常识:根据普通常识和生活经验来猜测词义。在阅读的过程中,如遇到生词,有时可以根据自身的直接或间接的经验,或运用自己已有的常识将其推测出来。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等,可以帮助加深对文章的理解,遇到生词时,猜测词义的能力自然就会增强。Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient,heusuallygivesananesthetictomakehimunconscious,becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.2提升练习请猜测下划线单词的意思。1.Itookoff,buthadgoneonlyafewmileswhenblacksmokepouredfromthebackofmycar.(2006年全国I卷)A.turnedoffB.movedoffC.putupD.setup2.OwnerIainPowellsaidhehadhadcatsatthegalleryfor15years.“BJoftenliesintheshopwindowandpeoplewalking...