园林绿化废弃物与城市污泥共堆肥的效果和应用性研究摘要随着园林绿化事业的发展以及污水处理比率的逐年提高，近年来园林绿化废弃物与城市污泥产生量更是不断攀升。研究将园林绿化废弃物与城市污泥进行堆肥处理，不但可取得一定经济生态效益，而且也可减轻城市有机废弃物处理压力。对园林绿化废弃物与城市污泥这两种城市有机废弃物进行堆肥效果以及堆肥应用性进行研究，分别研究园林绿化废弃物调控C/N单独堆肥、园林绿化废弃物与城市污泥混合共堆肥以及堆肥产物应用性研究，得出以下主要结论：（1）园林绿化废弃物不调控C/N直接进行堆肥，其进展缓慢，堆肥时间长且效果差，但园林绿化废弃物C/N调节为32左右进行堆肥，即可保证堆肥过程顺利进行，在堆置45天左右达到腐熟且效果较好。（2）将城市污泥与园林绿化废弃物混合共堆肥可以顺利进行，不同配比混合方案对于堆肥效果具有显著影响。适当增加城市污泥比例可显著加快堆体升温进程并延长高温持续时间；提高水溶性有机碳与有机质的降解量；促进在堆肥后相对全氮含量增加。但随着污泥添加比例增大也会造成绝对氮损失量增加。考虑到为将城市污泥与园林绿化废弃物这两种材料均能最大化处理并取得较好的堆肥效果，建议将园林绿化废弃物与城市污泥按3:4.5的比例混合共堆肥。（3）将园林绿化废弃物与城市污泥共堆肥产物施入土壤可以显著改善土壤质量，但不同有机肥施用量对土壤肥效的改良作用存在显著差异。增加有机肥施用量可促进氨化与硝化作用的进行，提高氮潜在矿化势，增加净氮矿化量，同时可提高碳矿化速率，增加碳矿化量；但随着有机肥施用量不断提高，有机肥氮损失率也会相应增加，且碳矿化率也将有所下降，造成有机肥浪费。考虑到节约有机肥用量并取得较好的肥效，建议以园林绿化废弃物与城市污泥为主要原料的堆肥按土壤质量10%~15%施用效果较佳。关键词：园林绿化废弃物，城市污泥，堆肥，有机肥AbstractWiththedevelopmentoflandscapingandtherateofsewagetreatmentincreasedyearbyyear,theproductionofgreeningplantwasteandsewagesludgeisrisinginrecentyears.Studyingoncompostingofgreeningplantwasteandsewagesludge,notonlycanobtaincertaineconomicandecologicalbenefits,butalsocanreducethepressureofcityorganicwastetreatment.Inordertoknowthecompostingeffectsofgreeningplantwasteandsewagesludgeandtheapplicationeffectsoftheorganicfertilizercompostedbygreeningplantwasteandsewagesludge,thecompostingeffectsofonlygreeningplantwasteregulatedC/Nanddifferentproportionofgreeningplantwasteandsewagesludgeandtheeffectofapplyingorganicfertilizertosoilswerestudied.Mainresultswerelistedasfollowing:1.Theprogress,maturitytimeandeffectofcompostingofgreeningplantwasteunregulatedC/Nwerebad.RegulatingtheC/Nofgreeningplantwasteto32canguaranteethecompostingprocesssmoothly.Afterstacking45daysthecompostofitreachedmaturityandtheeffectofitwaswell.2.Thecompostingprogressofalldifferentproportionofgreeningplantwasteandsewagesludgegonesmoothly.Thedifferentproportionofgreeningplantwasteandsewagesludgehadasignificantlyeffectoncompostingeffects.Increasingtheamountofadditionofsewagesludgepromotedthetemperatureadvancements,increasedthemaximumtemperatureandprolongedthehightemperatureperiod.Thereducementofdissolvedorganiccarbonandorganicmatterwereincreased.Theaccumulationofrelativecontentofthetotalnitrogenwerepromotedaftercomposting.However,thelossamountofabsolutenitrogenofthehighadditionofsewagesludgewashigherthanthelowadditionofsewagesludge.Thus,the3:4.5ratioofgreeningplantwasteandsewagesludgewassuggestedforthecomposting,consideringmaximizingtheamountoftreatmentofthebothkindsofwastesandgettingbetterresultsofcomposting.3.Thesoilqualitycanbesignificantlyimprovedbytheadditionofthecompostmadebygreeningplantwasteands...
