高一英语Book2语法复习人教实验版【本讲教育信息】一.教学内容：Book2语法复习［学习内容］一、被动语态小结：（一）何时使用被动语态1.不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要如：Paperismadefromwood.Thehouseisquiteold.Itwasbuiltin1950.Hewaswoundedinthefight.2.需要强调动作的承受者时如：Calculatorcan'tbeusedinthemathsexam.Booksandnewspapersinthereadingroommustn'tbetakenaway.Hewasawardedfirstprizeinthatcontest.3.为了使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方而使用被动语态，或由于修饰的需要，使用被动语态，以使句子得到更好的安排。如：Theconstructionofthenewlabmustbecompletedbytheendofnextmonth.Electricityisusedtorunmachines.（二）被动语态的构成1.be+done可以是被动语态，也可以是系表结构形式。被动语态中，done可以带by短语，而系表结构中done相当于adj.不带by短语。如：Thequestionissettled.(系表结构)Suchquestionsaresettledbyus.(被动语态)Thecompositioniswellwritten.(系表结构)Thecompositioniswrittenwithgreatcare.(被动语态)Thejobwaswelldone.(系表结构)Thejobwaswelldonebyaskilledworker.(被动语态)2.许多verbs(broken,interested,shut,worried),既可以用做adj.也可以在被动语态结构中做过去分词。句中如果有by，通常是被动语态。如：Iwasworriedaboutyouallnight.(表状态)Iwasworriedbymosquitoesallnight.(表动作)TheglasswasbrokenbyJack.(表动作)Theglassisbroken.(表状态)Iwasfrightenedbyhisghoststory.Shewasfrightenedatthesightofasnake.（三）不同形式的被动语态1.含有直宾和间宾的主动结构，变为被动时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动。一般是主语结构的间接宾语变为被动的主语。如：Heshowedmehispictures.Iwasshownhispicturesbyhim.Hispictureswereshowntomebyhim.Auntmademeanewdress.Iwasmadeanewdressbyaunt.Anewdresswasmadeformebyaunt.Hesentmeabirthdaypresent.Iwassentabirthdaypresentbyhim.Abirthdaypresentwassenttomebyhim.2.含有复合宾语的主动句，宾补不变。（1）将宾语变为主语，宾补不变。如：TheycallherXiaoli.SheiscalledXiaoli.Heleftthedooropen.Thedoorwasleftopenbyhim.（2）make,let,have,hear,watch,see,feel,notice.Help等动词后作宾补的不定式一般不加to，变为被动，必须加to.如：MybrotheroftenmademedothisandthatwhenIwasyoung.IwasoftenmadetodothisandthatbymybrotherwhenIyoung.Iheardhermoveaboutinherroomupstairslastnight.Shewasheardtomoveaboutinherroomupstairslastnight.DidyouseeJacktakeawaythemagazine?WasJackseentotakeawaythemagazine?3.情态动词的被动语态是由情态v.+be+p.p.构成如：Theycannotfindhim.Hecannotbefound.Youmustpaymeforthis.Imustbepaidforthis.Hecanrepairyourwatch.Yourwatchcanberepaired.4.短语的被动语态一般来讲，只有及物才有被动语态，因为只有vt.才能有动作的承受者;但有许多由不及物动词+介词及其他词类构成的短语动词，相当于及物动词，可以有宾语。因而可以有被动语态，但应注意短语是一个不可分割的整体。变被动时，不可丢掉构成短语的prep.或adv.这样的短语有：lookafter,listento,lookat,payattentionto,takecareof,lookforwardto,makeuseof,etc.如：Theyhadputoutthefirebeforethefire--brigadearrived.Thefirehadbeenputoutbeforethefire-brigadearrived.Theywillsetupanewpublicschoolhere.Anewpublicschoolwillbesetuphere.5.有些动词用主动形式表被动含义。如：Thegoodssellswell.Thedoorcan'topen.6.有些词如want,need,require和beworth后面，v-ing形式为主动，意义为被动。如：Theroomneeds/wants/requirescleaning.Thebookisworthreading.7.主动语态中的宾语是从句，变成被动时使用形式替代词it.如：WeknowthatBritainisanislandcountry.It’sknownthatBritainisanislandcountry.TheteachersaidthatthisbookhasbeentranslatedintoseverallanguagesIt’ssaidthatthisbookhasbeentranslatedintoseverallanguages8.宾语为反身代...
