名词解释1.Epic(史诗)（appearedinthetheAnglo-SaxonPeriod）Itisanarrativeofheroicaction,oftenwithaprincipalhero,usuallymythicalinitscontent,grandinitsstyle,offeringinspirationandennoblementwithinaparticularcultureornationaltradition.Alongnarrativepoemtellingaboutthedeedsofgreatheroandreflectingthevaluesofthesocietyfromwhichitoriginated.Epicisanextendednarrativepoeminelevatedordignifiedlanguage,likeHomer’sIliad&Odyssey.Itusuallycelebratesthefeatsofoneormorelegendaryortraditionalheroes.Theactionissimple,butfullofmagnificence.Today,somelongnarrativeworks,likenovelsthatrevealanage&itspeople,arealsocalledepic.E.g.Beowulf（thepagan（异教徒），secular(非宗教的)poetry）Iliad《伊利亚特》，Odyssey《奥德赛》ParadiseLost《失乐园》，TheDivineComedy《神曲》2.Romance（传奇）(Anglo-NormanfeudalEngland)?Romanceisanyimaginativeliteraturethatissetinanidealizedworldandthatdealswithheroicadventuresandbattlesbetweengoodcharactersandvillainsormonsters.?Originally,thetermreferredtoamedieval(中世纪)taledealingwiththeloveandadventuresofkings,queens,knights,andladies,andincludingsupernaturalhappenings.Form:longcomposition,inverse,inproseContent:descriptionoflifeandadventuresofanobleheroCharacter:aknight,amanofnoblebirth,skilledintheuseofweapons;oftendescribedasridingforthtoseekadventures,takingpartintournaments(骑士比武),orfightingforhislordinbattles;devotedtothechurchandtheking?Romancelacksgeneralresemblancetotruthorreality.?Itexaggeratesthevicesofhumannatureandidealizesthevirtues.?Itcontainsperilous(dangerous)adventuresmoreorlessremotefromordinarylife.?Itlaysemphasisonsupremedevotiontoafairlady.①TheRomanceCycles/Groups/DivisionsThreeGroupsmattersofBritainAdventuresofKingArthurandhisKnightsoftheRoundTable（亚瑟王和他的圆桌骑士）mattersofFranceEmperorCharlemagneandhispeersmattersofRomeAlexandertheGreatandtheattacksofTroyLeMorteD’Arthur（亚瑟王之死）②ClassNature(阶级性)oftheRomanceLoyaltytokingandlordwasthethemeoftheromances,asloyaltywasthecorner-stone（themostimportantpart基石）offeudalmorality.Theromanceswerecomposednotforthecommonbutforthenoble,ofthenoble,andbythepoetspatronized（supported庇护,保护）bythenoble.3.Alliteration（押头韵）:arepeatedinitial(开头的)consonant(协调,一致)tosuccessive(连续的)words.e.g.1.Tohiskinthekindest,keenestforpraise.2.Singasongofsouthernsinger4.Understatement（低调陈述）（forironicalhumor）nottroublesome:verywelcomeneednotpraise:arighttocondemn5.Chronicle《编年史》（amonumentofOldEnglishprose）6.Ballads（民谣）（ThemostimportantdepartmentofEnglishfolkliterature）①Definition:Aballadisanarrativepoemthattellsastory,andisusuallymeanttobesungorrecitedinmusicalform.AnimportantstreamoftheMedievalfolkliterature②FeaturesofEnglishBallads1.TheballadsareinvariousEnglishandScottishdialects.2.Theywerecreatedcollectivelyandrevisedwhenhandeddownfrommouthtomouth.3.Theyaremainlytheliteratureofthepeasants,andgiveanoutlookoftheEnglishcommonpeopleinfeudalsociety.③Stylistic（风格上）FeaturesoftheBallads1.Composedincouplets（相连并押韵的两行诗,对句）orinquatrains（四行诗）knownastheballadstanza（民谣诗节）,rhymingababorabcb,withthefirstandthirdlinescarrying4accentedsyllables（重读音节）andthesecondandfourthcarrying3.2.Simple,plainlanguageordialect（方言，土语）ofthecommonpeoplewithcolloquial（口语的，会话的）,vividand,sometimes,idiomatic（符合当地语言习惯的）expressions3.Tellingagood...
