“花费”句型大聚会Spend:(1)Sb.spendssomemoney/timeonsth..e.g.Shespent50ponchocolate.她花了50个便士买巧克力。Hespendsaboutathirdofhissalaryondrinking.他把薪水的1/3左右花在喝酒上。Note:使用该句型时,通常用介词on,但也可用介词for。例如:Hewillspend￡3,000for/onanewcar.(他将花三千镑购买新车。)(2)Sb.spendssomemoney/time(in)doingsth..e.g.Hespentapleasanthourintalkingwithfriends.他与朋友们愉快地交谈了一个小时。-Howdidyouspendyoursummervacation?你是如何度过暑假的?-Ispendit(in)readingandfishing.我看看书、钓钓鱼打发时间。Note:口语中,通常省略介词in。再如:Iusedtospendmysparetimegoingcycling.(我过去常常骑自行车兜风来消磨闲暇时间。)take:(1)Ittakessb.sometime/moneytodosth..e.g.Ittakesusthirtyminutestowalkfromheretothestation.Ittakesthirtyminutesforustowalkfromheretothestation.我们从这儿到车站步行要花30分钟。Ittookhimalotofmoneytobuyherafurcoat.Ittookalotofmoneyforhimtobuyherafurcoat.他给她买皮外套花了很多钱。Note:该句型中的it为形式主语,动词不定式短语作真正主语。"forsb.todosth."为复合动词不定式结构。take后也可不接间接宾语sb.。例如:Howlongdoesittaketogotherebyair?(乘飞机到那儿要花多长时间?)(2)Sb.takessometimetodosth..e.g.Itooktwohourstofinishthecomposition.我花了两个小时才完成这篇作文。Theytookthreeyearstobuildthebridge.他们花了三年时间建这座桥。(3)Sth.takes(sb.)sometime.e.g.Thewritingofthearticletookmetwodays.写这篇文章花了我两天时间。TheflightfromTokyotoSanFranciscotakesninehours.从东京到旧金山的飞行要花9个小时。Note:take作"花费"解时,若主语是it,take既可用于花时间,也可用于花金钱;若主语是人或事物,则只能用于时间。cost:(1)Sth.costssb.somemoney.e.g.Thiscomputercostme5,000yuan.这台电脑花了我五千元。Note:cost接双宾语时,作"花费"解,若只接钱数时,作"价值"解。例如:Thisjacketcosts200dollars.(这件夹克价值200美元。)(2)Itcosts(sb.)somemoneytodosth..e.g.Itwillcostyou500dollarstorepairthecar.修理这部汽车要花费你500美元。Howmuchdiditcosttobuildthebridge?建这座桥花费了多少钱?Note:该句型中的cost与take用法相同,可替换使用。注意,cost作"花费"解时,主语只能是事物或it,不能是人。比较:[误]Icosttwoyuanonthebook/tobuythebook.[正]Thebookcostmetwoyuan.Ispenttwoyuanonthebook.(这本书我花了两块钱。)(3)Sth.costs(sb.)time,labour,life,...e.g.Suchadifficultjobcostsalotoftimeandeffort.这么困难的工作需要耗费极多的时间和心力。Carelessdrivingwillcostyouyourlife.粗心驾驶会使你丧命。Note:cost也可以接时间、劳力、性命等作宾语,作"耗费""(使)付出"解。cost虽可用及物动词,但无论哪种用法,都不可用于被动语态。比较:[误]Theywerecostmuchlaborbythework.[正]Theworkcostthemmuchlabor.(这项工程耗费了他们大量劳动。)pay(1)Sb.payssomemoneyforsth..e.g.Ipaid3,000yuanforthemobilephone.我花三千元买了这部手机。Howmuchdidyoupayforthemotorbike?你花多少钱买的这辆摩托车?(2)Onepayssb./sth.(forsth.).e.g.He'spaidthebill.他已付了账。Shepaidthedriverandgotoutofthetaxi.她付给司机钱后下了出租车。Pleasepaythecashierforthemeal.请把饭钱付给会计吧。(3)Onepayssb.somemoneyforsth..e.g.Ipaidhim100yuanfortheoldbike.我花100元买了他那辆旧自行车。HowmuchdidyoupaytheshopkeeperforfixingtheTVset?你付给店主多少钱修理这台电视机?Note:pay接双宾语表示"付给某人多少钱",间接宾语也可用"tosb."表示。例如:Didyoupay100yuantohimfortheoldbike?(你付给他100元买他那辆旧自行车了吗?)(4)Onepayssb.somemoneytodosth..e.g.Hepaidtheboy5dollarstowashhiscar.他付给那孩子5美元叫他洗车。Note:pay作"花费"、"付款"解时,主语只能指人,不能指物。pay还可用作不及物动词,即"payforsth.",意思是"付某物的款"。例如:I'vepaidforthesebooks.(我已付了这些书钱。)表示"赔偿"时,要用"payback"。例如:Letmepayhimback.(让我赔他吧。)I'llpaybackforhisbook.(我要赔偿他的书。)练习:用至少五句话翻译"我花了10元钱买的这本字典"。答案:①Ispenttenyuanonthedictionary.②Ispenttenyuanbuyingthedictionary.③Ittookmetenyuantobuythedictionary.④Thedictionarycostmetenyuan.⑤Itcostmetenyuantobuythedictionary.⑥Ipaidtenyuanforthedictionary.
