【标题】高中英语课堂口语纠错方法【作者】冉军【关键词】错误；失误；纠错原则；纠错方法【指导老师】马小燕【专业】英语【正文】Ⅰ.IntroductionNewCurriculumemphasizesstudentself-cooperativelearning,sostudentshavemoreandmoreopportunitiestouseEnglishintheclassroom.InEnglishclass,somestudentswillmakeerrorswhentheycommunicatewiththeteacherorclassmates.Thetraditionalviewisthat:Student's"wrong"arederivedfromthemothertongueinterference,a"mistake",saidthefailureoflearning,reflectingtheimproperwayoflearning."Wrong"mustnotbetolerantbyteachers,andmustimmediatelybecorrected.Butinteachingpractice,iftheseerrorsmustbecorrectedbytheteachers,itisboundtounderminethestudents’oralcommunicationinitiative,hurttheirself-esteem,andaffectfluency.However,ifteachersdonotpaymoreattentiontotheirerrorsandcorrectthempromptly,studentswillbelikelytomakeerrorsagain.Theycannotalwaysgraspthecorrectgrammarrules,whydostudentsmakeerrors?Whatkindoferrorsteachersshouldcorrect?Howtocorrect?Howtoguidestudentstocorrecterrorsinspokenlanguagetrainingbythemselves?Abouttheseproblems,thispaperwillanalyzethecausesofstudentsmakingerrors,theprinciplesoferrorcorrectionandthewaysoferrorcorrection,toexploretheerrorscorrectiontechniquesinEnglishclass.Ⅱ.DefinitionoferrorsWhatisanerrorinlanguagelearning?Differentresearchersgivedifferentdefinitionstoit．AccordingtoCorderS.P.(1967,citedinEllis，1999),“anerrorisadeviationinlearnerlanguagewhichresultsfromlackofknowledge”3．Anerrorcanbeovert(thedeviationisapparentinthesurfaceformoftheutterance)orcovert(thedeviationisonlyevidentwhenthelearner’smeaningistakenintoaccount)．Corder(1973)alsomakesadistinctionbetweenerrors，lapsesandmistakes．Errorsarenotrecognizable.Suchlapsesarenotfailingandsoaresometimesreferredtoas‘performanceerrors’(Allwrightetal，1991：88)．MistakesinCorder’sschemearewhathecalls‘inappropriateutterances’,wherethereisafailuretomatchthelanguagetothesituation．AfurtherusefuldistinctionisofferedbyEdge，whosubdividesCorder’scategoryintotwo．Heretainstheterm‘error’foritemsthatthelearnerscannotself-correctbuttowhichtheyhavebeenexposed，offeringtheterm‘attempts’fordeviationsinareasoflanguagestilluntaught．BasedOnCorder’sdistinction，James(2001)refinesthedefinitionoferroras“beinganinstanceoflanguagethatisunintentionallydeviantandisnotself-corrigiblebyitsauthor”4．Amistakeisintentionallyorunintentionallydeviantandself-corrigible．Brown(2000：205)definederrorandmistakeasfollows：Amistakereferstoaperformanceerrorthatiseitherarandomguessoraslipinthatitisafailuretoutilizeaknownsystemcorrectly．Itoccurswhenlearnersfailtoperformtheircompetence．It'saperformancephenomenonresultingfromslipoftongue，memorylimitation，orlackoflinguisticplanningandstrategy．Allpeoplemakemistake，inbothnativeandsecondlanguagesituation．Nativespeakersarenormallycapableofrecognizingandcorrectingsuchlapsesormistakes,whicharenottheresultofadeficiencyincompetencebuttheresultofsomesortofbreakdownorimperfectionintheprocessofproducingspeech．Anerrorisanoticeabledeviationfromtheadultgrammarofanativespeaker,reflectingtheinterlanguagecompetenceofthelearner．Anerrorrevealsaportionofhiscompetenceinthetargetlanguage．ComparingthedefinitionsmadebyCorderandBrown,wecanfindthatBrown’smistakeissimilartoCorder’slapse，andCorder’smistakeiswhatwecallpragmaticfailure，andBrown’sdefinitionoferroristoolimitedingra...
