GrammarandusageTo-infinitiveFigureoutthemeaningsoftheproverbsandtheusageoftheunderlinedpart.•Toknoweverythingistoknownothing.•Itiseasiertogetmoneythantokeepit.•Eattolive,butnotlivetoeat.什么都知道一如什么都不知道。挣钱容易,攒钱难。吃饭是为了生活,但活着不是为了吃饭。I.Theto-infinitivecanbe1.subjectofasentence•Toseeistobelieve.百闻不如一见。•了解英语是一回事,会英语是另一回事。__________somethingaboutEnglishisonething;__________Englishisquiteanother.•先制定个计划是个好主意。________aplanfirstisagoodidea.ToknowtoknowTomake•学好英语很难。________________isdifficult.=Itisdifficult______________.•再见到你真高兴。It’sagreatpleasuretoseeyouagain.TostudyEnglishwelltostudyEnglishwellTip:•动词不定式和不定式短语做主语时,常用it做形式主语,其句型结构为:Itis+形容词或名词(或词组)+不定式短语…。•这时的形容词常为easy,difficult,hard,good,useful,wrong,right,necessary,impossible,important等。名词或词组常为afact,agreatday,agreatthing,apity等。•如要说明动词不定式的动作的执行者,可在不定式前加一个介词for引导的短语,其句型结构为:Itis+形容词+forsb+不定式短语。如:•MrWhitethinksthatitisrightforrichpeopletohelppoorpeople.•但如果表语是kind,nice,clever,wise,foolish,careless等描述动作执行者的性格品质的形容词时,则应在不定式前加一个of引导的短语,而不用for,句型结构为:Itis+形容词+ofsb.+不定式短语。如:•It’skindofyoutohelpmewithmymath.•固定结构Ittakes/tooksb.sometimetodosth….(做某事花费某人多少时间)。如:•他花了5个月的时间学开车。Ittookhimfivemonthstolearntodrive.•动词不定式还可以和what,where,how,when,which等连接代词(副词)连用,在句中做主语。如:•如何使用电脑是个问题。____________________isaproblem.Howtousethecomputer2.object•英语中能以不定式作宾语的动词很多,常见的有afford,decide,expect,hope,learn,want,offer等。如:•Indians___________hotfood.(喜欢吃)•They______________amap.(需要看)liketoeatneedtolookat•疑问词+带to的不定式结构可作动词宾语。这些疑问词是who,what,when,where,which,how等。和这结构连用的动词(词组)有findout,decide,know,tell,forget,understand,wonder等。如:•我不知道如何用电脑。Idon’tknowhowtouseacomputer.•Wehaven’tdecided______________.(什么时候开始)whentostart1.Icouldn’tdecide__________________.(买哪辆自行车)2.Askhim____________.(什么时候把它打开)3.Itoldher_____________.(怎么找到我)whichbicycletobuywhentoopenithowtofindme3.objectcomplement1)动词+宾语+带to的不定式作宾语补足语。常见的这类动词(词组)有ask,teach,tell,want,like,askfor,waitfor,advise,invite,have,warn,wish,get等。如:•Whotaughtyoutoplaythepiano?•Hetoldmenottobringyouanything.2)动词+宾语+不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。用于这结构的是使役动词和感官动词,如feel,hear,listento,see,lookat,watch,notice,let,make,have等。这些动词后宾语补足语不用to;在动词help后的不定式宾语补足语,to可有可无。如:•我们看男孩子们踢足球。Wewatchedtheboysplayfootball.•Itwasrainingheavilyoutside.Thefathermade_________________(让孩子们呆在房间里)intheroom.thechildrenstayTip:•hear,listento,see,lookat,watch,notice,make,have等在被动语态中,不定式作宾语补足语必须加上to;let不能用于被动语态。如:•--IsawBettygotoGrandpaZhang’shomejustnow.•--Yes,sheisoftenseentohelptheoldmanwithhishousework.4.attribute▄动词不定式作定语时,要放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面,与被修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。如:•Everydayhemadeoneofthesmalleranimalsbringhimsomethingtoeat.•若动词不定式是不及物动词时,则要带上与之搭配的介词,构成及物动词短语。如:•S...